Assessing, Coding, and Marking of Highway Structures in Emergency Situations, Volume 1: Research Overview (2016)

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98 Term Definition Assessing The process of evaluating a structure’s condition through inspection and possible data analysis or modeling. This can be completed manually or through technological means. Assessment forms The assessment forms cover bridges, tunnels, walls, cul­ verts, and overhead signs. These forms will be completed by Preliminary Damage Assessment responders in the field following an emergency event. Basic Training Training for all employees who will act as Preliminary Damage Assessment responders or perform Preliminary Damage Assessment after an emergency. Chief (Structural, Geotechnical, Hydrological, Mechanical, Materials) Engineer This role is reserved for the engineer who will coordinate spe­ cialty inspectors including structural, geotechnical, hydro­ logical, mechanical, and materials. Coding The process of using a shortened notation or series of code to indicate the status of a structure, its components and ele­ ments, and other parameters associated with it. Coding and Marking Guidelines Volume 3 of this report, which will be used by Preliminary Damage Assessment responders for field assessments following an emergency event. Communication Communication focuses on the network. Communication/Press Coordinator This individual coordinates with the public and press from an informational point of view. Coordination Coordination primarily involves human resources. Detailed Damage Assessment Provides an evaluation of structural damage and decisions on use restriction after the Preliminary Damage Assessment. Detailed Damage Assessment Inspector These include structural inspection teams with signifi­ cant back ground and experience for detailed inspection of structures. Element Damage Rating These damage levels (none, minor, moderate, or severe) are specific to basic structure elements and are used to pro­ vide information for repair, prioritization, and subsequent assessment procedures. Glossary

Glossary 99 Emergency Data Coordinator Individual who is responsible for coordinating all of the digital data, ensuring its quality, and providing that data in a form that is more useful for response. Emergency Management Coordinator Individual who will have responsibility for all coordina­ tion and communication in case of an emergency across the entire state highway agency. Emergency Operations Plan Emergency operations plans detail the scope of prepared­ ness and emergency management activities that are required. Extended Investigation An in­depth inspection that requires specialized technolo­ gies. This stage is typically performed after an UNSAFE rating from the Detailed Damage Assessment stage. Extended Investigation Inspector These inspectors should be specialists (e.g., structural, geo­ technical, hydrological, mechanical, materials) who will provide specific recommendations on necessary restrictions and/or repair, detailed damage analysis, and approximate cost estimate for remedial work. Fast Reconnaissance Provides a global perspective to establish the extent of the damage region immediately following an emergency event. Fast Reconnaissance Coordinator This individual is in charge of monitoring and organizing Fast Reconnaissance methods and reporting these find­ ings in order to best determine the appropriate response levels. General Training Training for all personnel aiming to understand the assess­ ing, coding, and marking processes. Highway structure Bridges, tunnels, walls, culverts, embankments, or over­ head signs. INSPECTED This classification utilizes a green color and indicates that no apparent damage was found and the structure can func­ tion without further evaluation. Inspection Routes This is the list of highway structures that a Preliminary Damage Assessment responder will evaluate following an emergency event. Inspector Knowledgeable individual within an agency that has experience performing routine inspection of highway structures. LIMITED USE This classification utilizes a yellow color and indicates that minor to moderate damage conditions are observed or believed to be present. The structure requires further evalu­ ation but can still be used for restricted traffic. Logistics Coordinator Responsible for coordinating logistics (travel, housing, hos­ pitalization) support for the inspectors, particularly if staff is brought in from outside the state. Managing Engineer The managing engineer is the key lead for making all struc­ tural assessment decisions regarding highway structures.

100 Assessing, Coding, and Marking of Highway Structures in Emergency Situations: Research Overview Marking The process of applying an identifiable mark to the struc­ ture to inform others of its condition. This can be done physically or digitally. The physical marking of a structure is sometimes referred to as “posting.” Minor damage The element shows cosmetic or non­structural damage. Moderate damage The element has experienced structural or geotechnical damage. Preliminary Damage Assessment An assessment performed for each structure immediately after an event, preferably within hours, to provide informa­ tion on the status of the structure and to determine whether subsequent assessment stages will be needed. Preliminary Damage Assessment Responder An individual who will perform Preliminary Damage Assessment evaluations following an emergency event. Priority Level Priority levels are given to highway routes that are of critical importance to the transportation network. These include lifeline routes and other routes that link important infrastructure. QR Code A machine­readable code consisting of an array of black and white squares, typically used for storing URLs or other information for reading by a camera or smartphone. Response Levels Responses levels relate to the immediacy of the response, the level of resources, and the effort that will be put into a response during an emergency event. Severe Damage The element is damaged where it cannot function properly. Specialized Training Training for emergency management coordinators, emer­ gency data coordinators, chief engineers, Detailed Dam­ age Assessment inspectors, and Extended Investigation inspectors. Subject Matter Expert Chief (structural, geotechnical, hydrological, mechanical, materials) engineers who report to the managing engineer. UNSAFE This classification utilizes a red color and indicates the structure has experienced severe damage or collapsed and cannot function properly under traffic loads.

Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation

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