Practices to Mitigate Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Affected Pavements at Airports (2019)

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A-1 A P P E N D I X A Survey Questionnaire

ACRP PROJECT 11-03_SYNTHESIS TOPIC S09-08 PRACTICES TO MITIGATE ASR AFFECTED PAVEMENT AT AIRPORTS Welcome Dear Respondent, The Transportation Research Board is preparing a synthesis on Practices to Mitigate Alkali- Silica Reaction (ASR) Affected Pavement at Airports. This is being done for the Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP), an industry-driven, applied research program that develops near-term, practical solutions to problems faced by airport operators. To help gather information on strategies for mitigating ASR on existing concrete airfield pavements, ACRP is distributing this questionnaire to selected airport authorities and agencies that are known to have ASR issues. The survey consists of 5 parts with questions exploring the occurrence of ASR on your airfield pavements and methods that you have used to try to address that deterioration, and should take no more than 15 minutes to complete. If you are not the appropriate person at your agency to complete the questionnaire, please forward it to the correct person. The results of the survey will be incorporated into the ACRP synthesis report to highlight agency experiences and practices. Please compete and submit this survey by January 10, 2017. The survey is designed so you can exit and return to the survey if you need to allocate your time over several days. If you have any questions or problems related to this questionnaire, please contact either of the Principal Investigators: Mr. Kurt Smith (ksmith@appliedpavement.com) or Dr. Tom Van Dam (tvandam@ncenet.com). Confidentiality: All answers provided by survey respondents will be treated as confidential and aggregated with other responses in the reporting. Thank you very much for participating in this survey! Questionnaire Instructions 1. To view and print an entire blank questionnaire, click on this link to a blank questionnaire, and print using "control p" 2. To navigate, use the “prev” (previous) or “next” buttons at the bottom of each page. 3. To save your partial answers, or to forward a partially completed questionnaire to another party, click on the "Save and Continue Later" link in the upper right-hand corner of your screen. A link to the partially completed questionnaire will be emailed to you from SurveyGizmo. To return to the questionnaire later, open the email from SurveyGizmo and click on the link. To invite a colleague to complete part of the survey, simply click on the "Save and Continue" link and enter your colleague's email address. Please note that the questionnaire can be saved and passed around multiple times, but respondents must use the link emailed from SurveyGizmo. We suggest using the “Save and Continue Later” feature if there will be more than 15 minutes of inactivity while the survey is opened, as some firewalls may terminate due to inactivity. 4. To view and print your answers before submitting the survey, click forward to the Review & Submit page. Prior to submitting, print using “control p” or utilize the download link for a pdf of your completed survey. 5. To submit the survey, click the "Submit" button at the bottom of the last page. Notice ATTENTION The questions in this survey pertain exclusively to concrete airfield pavements that service aircraft. These are pavements that, if constructed today, would be specified under the FAA AC 150/5370-10G Item P-501 or under UFGS Division 32 – Exterior Improvements; Section 32 13 11. Consequently, landside pavements and airside pavements designed exclusively for service vehicles should not be considered when completing the survey. A-2 Practices to Mitigate Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Affected Pavements at Airports Survey Questionnaire A-3

—General Please enter your contact information. 1.1 Name * 1.2 Title 1.3 Email * 1.4 Primary phone number * 1.5 Airport name with which you are affiliated * 1.6 IATA 3-letter airport code (if applicable) Anonymity option Check if you prefer your airport not be identified in the report. 1.7 Has your airport experienced suspected ASR on concrete pavements servicing aircraft in the last 15 years? Yes No (Note: This response will take you to end of the survey where you will have the opportunity to offer some final comments.) Section 2—Verification of ASR 2.1. Using the fields in 2.2 and 2.3 please list the known airside pavement facilities at your airport that have been affected by suspected ASR within the last 15 years, and indicate some of the characteristics of those facilities and ASR conditions. If you have multiple facilities (runways, taxiways, aircraft parking aprons, etc.) affected by ASR, complete the survey for the two or three that are most relevant to studying ASR mitigation. 2.2. Facility Characteristics Type of Facility 1. 2. 3. Year Facility Built 1. 2. 3. Facility Age When Suspected ASR Appeared (# years old) 1. 2. 3. Approximate Area of Facility Afflicted withSuspected ASR (sq.yd) 1. 2. 3. Section 1 A-4 Practices to Mitigate Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Affected Pavements at Airports Survey Questionnaire A-5

Section 2—Verification of ASR 2.3. Facility ASR Conditions What led you to suspect ASR? (check all that apply) Facility Type / Built in / Age ASR began Staining at Joints Cracking at Joints Spalling at Joints Map Cracking Over Slab Area Evidence of Expansion (blowups, Shoving of can lights and other structures, etc.) Other (explain at right) Comments Facility 1 (piped) Facility 2 (piped) Facility 3 (piped) Beyond visible signs, what other means were used to confirm ASR? (check all that apply) Facility Type / Built in / Age ASR began Field Test (e.g., uranyl acetate) Petrographic Analysis Other (explain at right) Comments Facility 1 (piped) Facility 2 (piped) Facility 3 (piped) Section 3—Use of Corrective Treatments to Address ASR Issues Note: Respondents should note that there are corrective treatments to address the symptoms of the ASR distress and mitigation treatments that are trying to slow or mitigate the effects of the ASR. This survey will address each of these approaches in the next sections of the survey. Section 3 focuses on corrective treatments while Section 4 focuses on mitigation treatments. 3.1. For the pavement facilities identified in Section 2 and reproduced below, please answer the questions on the use of and experience with various corrective treatments to address performance issues associated with ASR. Definitions • PDR = partial-depth repair, the removal and replacement of a small area of deteriorated concrete to a depth of one-half to one-third of the slab thickness • FDR = full-depth repair, the removal and replacement of a section of deteriorated concrete through its entire slab thickness, may also include the complete removal and replacement of an entire slab (referred to as slab replacement) • AC Overlay = asphalt overlay placed on the existing concrete pavement • PCC Overlay = concrete overlay placed on the existing concrete pavement • Total Reconstruction = the deteriorated concrete was removed and replaced with an entirely new pavement • Life Expectation = life expectation is how much additional life in the pavement that you hoped to receive as a result of the treatment Please indicate what corrective treatments you have used (if any) and how they have performed for each of the following facilities your identified. A-6 Practices to Mitigate Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Affected Pavements at Airports Survey Questionnaire A-7

Facility 1 (Piped) Corrective Treatment Treatment Used (check all that apply) Facility Age When Applied (# years old) What was your life expectation for this treatment? How do you rate this treatment in achieving your expectations? PDR 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied FDR/ Slab Replace 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied AC Overlay 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied PCC Overlay 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied Total Reconstruct 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied None/No corrective treatments used. If corrective treatments were used for Facility 1 (piped), were any follow-up evaluations conducted by the airport to investigate their effectiveness? Are any reports or documentation available? Please describe. Facility 2 (Piped) Corrective Treatment Treatment Used (check all that apply) Facility Age When Applied (# years old) What was your life expectation for this treatment? How do you rate this treatment in achieving your expectations? PDR 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied FDR/ Slab Replace 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied AC Overlay 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied PCC Overlay 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied Total Reconstruct 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied None/No corrective treatments used. If corrective treatments were used for Facility 2 (piped), were any follow-up evaluations conducted by the airport to investigate their effectiveness? Are any reports or documentation available? Please describe. Survey Questionnaire A-9A-8 Practices to Mitigate Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Affected Pavements at Airports

Facility 3 (Piped) Corrective Treatment Treatment Used (check all that apply) Facility Age When Applied (# years old) What was your life expectation for this treatment? How do you rate this treatment in achieving your expectations? PDR 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied FDR/ Slab Replace 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied AC Overlay 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied PCC Overlay 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied Total Reconstruct 0-3 years 4 to 8 years 8 to 12 years 13 or more years Not Satisfied Partially Satisfied Largely Satisfied None/No corrective treatments used.  If corrective treatments were used for Facility 3 (piped), were any follow-up evaluations conducted by the airport to investigate their effectiveness? Are any reports or documentation available? Please describe. Section 4—Mitigation Strategies 4.1. For the pavement facilities identified in question 2 and reproduced below, please answer the questions on the use of any mitigation treatments that have been used in an attempt to slow or retard the development of ASR on the existing pavement. Please indicate mitigation treatments (if any) you have used and how they have performed. Facility 1 (piped) Mitigating Treatment Type/Name of Mitigation Treatment Facility Age at First Application (# years old) Number of Applications If More than One, Average Time Between Applications, months Effectiveness Surface Treatment to Waterproof Surface (i.e., silane, siloxane, HMWM) One Two Three Four or More Stopped the progression of the distress Slowed the progression of the distress Had no effect Surface Treatment to Mitigate ASR (e.g., Lithium) One Two Three Four or More Stopped the progression of the distress Slowed the progression of the distress Had no effect Other? (List) One Two Three Four or More Stopped the progression of the distress Slowed the progression of the distress Had no effect If mitigation treatments were used on Facility 1 (piped), were any follow-up evaluations conducted by the airport to investigate their effectiveness? Are any reports or documentation available? Please describe. A-10 Practices to Mitigate Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Affected Pavements at Airports Survey Questionnaire A-11

Facility 2 (piped) Mitigating Treatment Type/Name of Mitigation Treatment Facility Age at First Application (# years old) Number of Applications If More than One, Average Time Between Applications, months Effectiveness Surface Treatment to Waterproof Surface (i.e., silane, siloxane, HMWM) One Two Three Four or More Stopped the progression of the distress Slowed the progression of the distress Had no effect Surface Treatment to Mitigate ASR (e.g., Lithium) One Two Three Four or More Stopped the progression of the distress Slowed the progression of the distress Had no effect Other? (List) One Two Three Four or More Stopped the progression of the distress Slowed the progression of the distress Had no effect If mitigation treatments were used on Facility 2 (piped), were any follow-up evaluations conducted by the airport to investigate their effectiveness? Are any reports or documentation available? Please describe. Facility 3 (piped) Mitigating Treatment Type/Name of Mitigation Treatment Facility Age at First Application (# years old) Number of Applications If More than One, Average Time Between Applications, months Effectiveness Surface Treatment to Waterproof Surface (i.e., silane, siloxane, HMWM) One Two Three Four or More Stopped the progression of the distress Slowed the progression of the distress Had no effect Surface Treatment to Mitigate ASR (e.g., Lithium) One Two Three Four or More Stopped the progression of the distress Slowed the progression of the distress Had no effect Other? (List) One Two Three Four or More Stopped the progression of the distress Slowed the progression of the distress Had no effect If mitigation treatments were used on Facility 3 (piped), were any follow-up evaluations conducted by the airport to investigate their effectiveness? Are any reports or documentation available? Please describe. A-12 Practices to Mitigate Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Affected Pavements at Airports Survey Questionnaire A-13

Section 5—Other 5.1.If you have not experienced any ASR issues on your airport facilities, what factors do you believe are responsible? 5.2.If you have experienced ASR issues on your airport facilities in the past but no longer do, what changes have you made to your previous specifications to address ASR? 5.3.Is there any other information that you would like to convey regarding the treatment of ASR- affected airport pavements? Thank You! Thank you for your time! Your response is very important to us. If you have any questions or comments, please contact either of the Principal Investigators: Mr. Kurt Smith (ksmith@appliedpavement.com) or Dr. Tom Van Dam (tvandam@ncenet.com). A-14 Practices to Mitigate Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Affected Pavements at Airports