Page 72 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Coding Matrix for Articles on Practice Gaps." National Academy of Medicine. 2021. Educating Together, Improving Together: Harmonizing Interprofessional Approaches to Address the Opioid Epidemic. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27108.

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APPENDIX C
CODING MATRIX FOR ARTICLES ON PRACTICE GAPS

BASIC IDENTIFYING INFORMATION

At the start of the coding survey, volunteers will enter their name in the “reviewer name” field, and will then enter the unique number assigned to the article they are coding in the field provided (this is in lieu of entering the author names, article title, journal name, etc.).

INCLUSION CRITERIA

Review the article’s abstract and apply the following inclusion criteria. All inclusion criteria must be met for the article to be included in the literature review. If all inclusion criteria are met, please review the article in full and code according to the variables provided in the form. In cases where answers cannot be derived clearly from the abstract, refer to the full article.

Criteria for inclusion are:

Article was published between 2009-2019?
Article is research?
Sample population is in US or US territories?
Describes performance of practicing clinicians? (“practicing clinicians” includes residents/fellows but does NOT include undergraduate students)
Describes professional practice gap(s)?
Article is QI?

Page 73 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Coding Matrix for Articles on Practice Gaps." National Academy of Medicine. 2021. Educating Together, Improving Together: Harmonizing Interprofessional Approaches to Address the Opioid Epidemic. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27108.

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Item	Variable	Response Options
1	Type of research study	Quantitative Qualitative Mixed methods
2	Study size	Numeric value
3	Professions and specialties included in study (all that apply)	Physician (unspecified) 1. Specialty if applicable: Medicine – MD 1. Specialty if applicable: Medicine – DO 1. Specialty if applicable: Nursing (unspecified) 1. Specialty if applicable: Nursing – RN 1. Specialty if applicable: Nursing – APRN 1. Specialty if applicable: Pharmacy – Pharmacist 1. Specialty if applicable: Pharmacy – Pharmacy Technician 1. Specialty if applicable: Physician Assistant 1. Specialty if applicable: Dentistry – DDS/DMD 1. Specialty if applicable: Dentistry – Dental Hygienist 1. Specialty if applicable: Dentistry – Dental Assistant 1. Specialty if applicable: Other, such as behavioral health 1. Please describe:
4	Practice environment (all that apply)	Acute care/inpatient Primary care/outpatient Community/outpatient Clinic/inpatient Clinic/outpatient Other (free text) Not described
5	Content in article describes domain of practice… (all that apply)	Acute pain management Chronic pain management Substance use disorders Other (free text)

Page 74 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Coding Matrix for Articles on Practice Gaps." National Academy of Medicine. 2021. Educating Together, Improving Together: Harmonizing Interprofessional Approaches to Address the Opioid Epidemic. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27108.

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6	Data source used to identify gap (all that apply)	Descriptive, self-report Medical record Other (free text) Not described
7	Patient population (all that apply)	Adult Pediatric Across the life span Not described
8	Type or stage in care process	Screening/assessment Identification/diagnosis Treatment: Prescribing/Tapering Opioids Treatment: Prescribing Non-Opioids Treatment: Nonpharmacological Monitoring Referral Other (free text)
9	Describes gaps related to… (all that apply)	Clinical knowledge – weren’t aware of what the best practice(s) is/are Communication 1. With patients/families Communication 1. With other members of the care team Attitudes and biases Use of evidence-informed tools and resources Constraints in practice setting 1. Describe (free text) Other (free text)

Definitions (https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/) (with validation from working group members)

Screening/assessment
Screening: Strategy used to look for as-yet-unrecognized conditions or risk markers in individuals without signs or symptoms

Assessment: Evaluation of a patient using selected skills of history-taking; physical examination, laboratory, imaging, and social evaluation, to achieve a specific goal.
Identification/diagnosis
Identification: Defining or ascertaining something.

Diagnosis: Determining the nature of a cause of a disease.

Page 75 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Coding Matrix for Articles on Practice Gaps." National Academy of Medicine. 2021. Educating Together, Improving Together: Harmonizing Interprofessional Approaches to Address the Opioid Epidemic. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27108.

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Treatment: Prescribing/Tapering Opioids
Prescribing: Prescribing opioids for the treatment of acute or chronic pain, or substance use disorders

Tapering: Process of tapering opioids for patients with acute or chronic pain, or substance use disorders
Treatment: Prescribing Non-Opioids
Prescribing non-opioid medications for the treatment of acute or chronic pain, or substance use disorders
Treatment: Nonpharmacological
Prescribing nonpharmacological treatments for patients with acute or chronic pain, or substance use disorders (massage, acupuncture, counseling, biofeedback, exercise)
Monitoring
On-going measurement over a period of time
Referral
Arrangement for services by another care provider or agency.