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ACADEMIC R&D EXPENDITURES 56 SOURCES OF R&D FUNDING: PUBLIC DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS Public doctoral institution R&D expenditures increased through the 1960s from over $1 billion (1988 dollars) in 1958 to $4 billion in 1968. After remaining roughly level during the 1970s, they have climbed to more than $7.5 billion by 1988. The federal government's share of support increased from 48 percent in 1958 to 68 percent in 1968, then gradually declined to its 1988 level of 53 percent. The share contributed directly by the institutions has increased from 10 percent in the late 1950s to over 20 percent in the late 1980s. Figure 2-33: Public Doctoral Institution R&D Expenditures by Source of Funds Figure 2-34: Distribution of Public Doctoral Institution R&D Expenditures by Source of Funds NOTE: Data series within the figures are not overlapped; top line represents total. Financial data are expressed in 1988 constant dollars to reflect real long-term growth trends. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Public doctoral institutions are institutions that have granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades, and are under the control ofâor affiliated withâfederal, state, local, state and local, or state-related agencies; they include 116 institutions. R&D Expenditures include current-fund expenditures within doctoral institutions for all research and development activities that are separately budgeted and accounted for; excluding departmental research not separately budgeted and FFRDCs. Federal funds include grants and contracts for R&D (including direct and reimbursed indirect costs) by agencies of the federal government, excluding funds for FFRDCs. State/Local funds include funds for R&D from state, county, municipal, or other local governments and their agencies, including funds for R&D at agricultural and other experiment stations. Industry funds include all grants and contracts for R&D from profit-making organizations, whether engaged in production, distribution, research, service, or other activities. Own Funds include institutional funds for separately budgeted research and development, cost-sharing, and under-recovery of indirect costs. They are derived from (1) general purpose state or local government appropriations, (2) general purpose grants from industry, foundations, or other outside sources, (3) tuition and fees, and (4) endowment income. Other sources include grants for R&D from non-profit foundations and voluntary health agencies, as well as individual gifts that are restricted by the donor to research. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resource Studies, Survey of Scientific and Engineering Expenditures at Universities and Colleges.
