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ACADEMIC R&D EXPENDITURES 63 PERSONNEL EXPENDITURES: NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING After a decade of slow decline, accounting for inflation, the average total compensation for academic Ph.D.s in the natural sciences and engineering increased during the 1980s, from $59,000 ($1988 dollars) in 1981 to more than $70,000 in 1988. Figure 2-47: Average Salary and Benefits Paid Academic Ph.D.s in Natural Sciences and Engineering NOTE: Financial data are expressed in 1988 constant dollars to reflect real long-term growth trends. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Academic Ph.D.s in the natural sciences and engineering include academic employees who have been awarded the Ph.D. degree within the following fields: life sciences, including agricultural, biological, medical, and other health sciences; physical sciences, including astronomy, chemistry, and physics; engineering, including aeronautical and astronautical, chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering; environmental sciences, including oceanography, atmospheric and earth sciences; mathematics and computer science, including all fields of mathematics and computer-related sciences. Compensation includes salaries and fringe benefits, including insurance and retirement contributions. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data sources: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resource Studies, Survey of Scientific and Engineering Expenditures at Universities and Colleges, Survey of Scientific and Engineering Personnel Employed at Universities and Colleges; American Council on Education; National Association of State Universities and Grant Colleges.
