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ABBREVIATIONS USED Chemical elements and their symbols are shown on Figure 1 and Table 6. Abbreviation Expansion or equivalent 1 angstrom ABS alkylbenzenesulfonate ACS American Chemical Society Al,SiaOu mullite, an orthorhombic aluminum silicate AMO acid mine drainage AS03 arsenate ASTM American Society for Testing Materials BA bottom ash Btu British thermal unit ·c degrees, Celsius cao calcium oxide CaS04 calcium sulfate Ca1 ⢠divalent calcium cbar centibar (l0-1) (one hundredth of a bar) CFR Code of Federal Regulations CH4 methane, a gaseous hydrocarbon cm centimeter ( l0-1) co carbon monoxide COx carbonaceous oxide CWP coal workers pneumoconiosis DOE Department of Energy DTPA diethylenepentamineacetic acid ECe electrical conductivity of the extract EPA Environmental Protection Agency ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration (now Department of Energy) FBB fluidized-bed boiler Fe Sa iron sulfide (pyrite) FGD flue-gas desulfurization ft 3 cubic foot FWPCA Federal Water Pollution Control Administration q gram G gravity 127
128 GERHD Subcommittee on the Geochemical Environment in Relation to Health and Disease h hour ha hectare (10,000 mz or 2.47 acres) Hz diatomic hydrogen HEFF Committee on Research Needs on the Health Effects of Fossil Fuel Combustion Products HzO hydrogen oxide (water) HzS hydrogen sulfide H2 S04 sulfuric acid IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency INIS International Nuclear Information Service ISO International Standards Organization kg kilogram km kilometer 1 liter LSD least-significant difference m> cubic meter meq milliequivalent mg milligram (10-3 ) (one thousandth of a gram) mi mile ml milliliter (l0- 3 ) (one thousandth of a liter) mmho millimho (10- 3 ) (one thousandth of a mho, the reciprocal of an ohm) mrem millirem (one thousandth of a roentgen equivalent man--an injury-dose measurement) MW megawatt (10 6 ) (one million watts) MWe megawatt of electricity NAS National Academy of Sciences NBS National Bureau of Standards NH 4 0A ammonium acetate NP DES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NRC National Research council PC-fired pulverized-coal-fired pCi picocurie ( l0- 12 ) (one millionth of a millionth) PECH Panel on Trace Element Geochemistry of Coal Resource Development Related to Health pH acid-base scale (0 to 14; 7 neutral) PMF progressive massive fibrosis ppb parts per billion ppm parts per million Rij an enrichment ratio of trace elements in coal burning s second SEM scanning electron microscope Se03 selenite ion S02 sulfur dioxide SOx sulfurous oxides so4-s sulfate sulfur expressed as elemental sulfur SRC solvent-refined coal SRM Standard Reference Material TNT trinitrotoluene, an explosive USGS U.S. Geological Survey µm micrometer (10-â¢) (one millionth of a meter)
