Building Information Modeling for Airports (2016)

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48 APPENDIX A Survey Questionnaire and Consolidated Responses (McCuen and Pittenger 2015) Survey: ACRP Synthesis 09-07: BIM for Airports [The survey used “skip logic” (all respondents did not receive all questions).] Please select the category that best describes your organization. Value Percent Count Airport project manager, operations, facility management or other decision maker 56.3 9 Airport BIM professional (3 airport, 2 AEC) 31.3 5 Designer 6.3 1 Constructor 6.3 1 Total Respondents 16 Does your organization currently engage in building information modeling (BIM)? Value Percent Count Airport AEC Yes 77.8 10 4 No 22.2 4 0 Total Respondents 14 4 In general, what do you consider the adoption status of BIM in your organization to be? (adoption stages and descriptions: Stage 1 - Interested in adopting BIM, but not yet adopted; Stage 2 - Beginning the process of adopting BIM; Stage 3 - Integrating BIM adoption with existing operations—discovering barriers to adoption; Stage 4 - Completing BIM adoption—overcoming barriers to adoption; Stage 5 - Completed adoption—realizing benefits of BIM adoption) Value Percent Count Airport AEC 1-Interested 33.3 6 0 2-Beginning 16.7 3 0 3-Integrating 11.1 2 0 4-Completing 11.1 1 1 5-Realizing benefits 27.8 2 3 Total Respondents 14 4 How many years ago did your organization adopt BIM? Count Response 1 - Airport Less than 1 year 1 - Airport 2 1 - Airport 3 1 - Airport 5 1 - AEC 5 3 - AECs 7 1 - Airport 8

49 Does your organization have a BIM champion in upper management? Value Percent Count Airport AEC Yes 75.0 5 4 No 16.7 2 0 Other: There is awareness, but not a specific BIM champion 8.3 1 0 Total Respondents 8 4 Does your organization have a written implementation plan for BIM in place? Value Percent Count Airport AEC Yes 58.3 4 3 No 41.7 4 1 Total Respondents 8 4 At what approximate percentage complete has your organization executed the implementation plan? Value Percent Count Airport AEC 25% 0.0 0 0 50% 0.0 0 0 75% 28.6 1 1 100% 42.9 1 2 Other: Starting to implement 28.6 2 0 Total Respondents 4 3 Does your organization use an internal BIM guide (custom or standardized) to assist new users? Value Percent Count Airport AEC Yes 58.3 5 2 No 41.7 3 2 Total Respondents 8 4 Is/are part or all of your facility/facilities currently modeled in BIM? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 60.0 6 No 40.0 4 Total Airports 10 What is the approximate percentage of total facility area modeled in BIM? Value Percent Count - Airport 25% 83.3 5 50% 0.0 0 75% 16.7 1 100% 0.0 0 Total Airports 6

50 What method was used to develop your facility/facilities in BIM? (Check all that apply.) Value Percent Count - Airport Modeled from existing printed construction documents 50.0 3 Modeled from existing digital drawings import 50.0 3 Modeled from laser scan point cloud 66.7 4 Designed/originated in BIM 66.7 4 Other: In process of converting design/construction models to facility BIM 16.7 1 Total Airports 6 Does your organization require BIM for any new projects? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 75.0 6 No 12.5 1 Other: Based on internal BIM decision guide 12.5 1 Total Airports 8 For what size projects does your organization require BIM? (Check all that apply.) Value Percent Count - Airport Large projects ($10M or greater) 66.7 4 Midsize projects ($5M or greater, but less than $10M) 50.0 3 Small projects (less than $5M) 50.0 3 Other: (1) All projects evaluated for BIM use; even repair/maintenance (2) BIM has only been required for one pilot project to date 33.3 2 Total Airports 6 Does your organization require a BIM execution plan for new construction projects? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 100.0 6 No 0.0 0 Total Airports 6 What minimum level of development (LOD) does your organization require for BIM deliverables at project handover? Value Percent Count - Airport LOD 100 0.0 0 LOD 200 0.0 0 LOD 300 33.3 2 LOD 350 33.3 2 LOD 400 16.7 1 Not specified 16.7 1 Total Airports 6 An airport’s BIM activity score was developed proportionately to the maximum measurement: • BIM Engagement Index value was divided by 27 • BIM Maturity score for each phase was divided by 4 • Number of BIM Uses was divided by 24

51 To combine the three analyses, weighted average based on standard utility theory was used (West and Riggs 1986). All three parameters were given the same weight (33.3%) as follows: ABAI = 33.3% * (BEI) + 33.3% * (BIM Maturity(D&C + Operate)) + 33.3% * (#BU) Where, ABAI is the Airport BIM Activity Index, BEI is the BIM Engagement Index, BIM Maturity(D&C + Operate) is the combined value for the Design/Construct and Operate phases, and #BU is the number of BIM Uses. ABAI values were used to designate activity levels: 0.85 or greater equates to “Very High,” 0.84 to 0.60 is “High,” 0.59 to 0.30 is “Medium,” and a lower index is “Low.” These results were introduced in the introduction chapter and subsequently used in respondents’ comparisons. This methodology allows for the capture of BIM activity in both project-based and orga- nization-based implementations, which is not fully addressed by any of the individual approaches. Summary Table: ABAI for Surveyed Respondents (after Jung and Lee 2015, McGraw-Hill 2014) Organization BIM Approach BIM Activity BIM Engagement BIM Maturity BIM Uses Airport BIM Activity Index (ABAI) Design/ Construction Operate Index Level 1 - Airport Organization 27 Very Mature Mature 17 0.85 Very High 2 - Airport Project 24 Mature Early 11 0.61 High 3 - Airport Organization 18 Very Mature Very Mature — 0.83 High* 4 - Airport Organization 14 Moderate Moderate 15 0.54 Medium 5 - Airport Organization 13 Early Moderate 17 0.51 Medium 6 - Airport Project 6 Early Early 0 0.16 Low 7 - Airport Project 6 Very Mature Early 4 0.34 Medium 8 - Airport Project 6 Early Early 0 0.16 Low 1 - AEC Project 27 Very Mature — 5 0.73 High 2 - AEC Project 27 Very Mature — 13 0.84 High 3 - AEC Project 27 Very Mature — 20 0.93 Very High 4 - AEC Project 23 Mature — 13 0.71 High - None listed/not applicable * Estimated What level would you currently describe your organization’s BIM experience? Value Percent Count Airport AEC Beginner user - 1 year or less experience and less than 15% BIM implementation on projects 25.0 3 0 Intermediate user - 2 years of experience and 15% to 29% BIM implementation on projects 33.3 3 1 Advanced user - 3 years of experience and 30% to 59% BIM implementation on projects 8.3 1 0 Expert user - 4 years or more experience and 60% or more BIM implementation on projects 33.3 1 3 Total Respondents 8 4

52 What level of BIM implementation do you expect your organization will achieve in the near future? Value Percent Count Airport AEC Light implementation (less than 15% of projects using BIM) 16.7 2 0 Medium implementation (15%–29%) 25.0 3 0 Heavy implementation: (30%–59%) 8.3 0 1 Very heavy implementation (60% or more) 50.0 3 3 Total Respondents 8 4 Based on your organization’s experience with BIM implementation, please rank how important each of the following are to optimizing BIM implementation. Unimportant Of Little Importance Moderately Important Important Very Important Responses Organizational goals for BIM implementation 0.0% 0 8.3% 1 0.0% 0 25.0% 3 66.7% 8 12 Change management plan 8.3% 1 8.3% 1 25.0% 3 8.3% 1 50.0% 6 12 BIM implementation plan 0.0% 0 8.3% 1 16.7% 2 25.0% 3 50.0% 6 12 Computer software proficiency 0.0% 0 8.3% 1 16.7% 2 41.7% 5 33.3% 4 12 Database management capabilities 8.3% 1 8.3% 1 25.0% 3 41.7% 5 16.7% 2 12 Facilities management expertise 0.0% 0 25.0% 3 25.0% 3 25.0% 3 25.0% 3 12 Team organization and management 8.3% 1 0.0% 0 25.0% 3 33.3% 4 33.3% 4 12 Team members’ experience with BIM 8.3% 1 8.3% 1 16.7% 2 33.3% 4 33.3% 4 12 Team members’ willingness to adopt BIM 0.0% 0 16.7% 2 0.0% 0 8.3% 1 75.0% 9 12 BIM champion in your organization’s upper management 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 8.3% 1 25.0% 3 66.7% 8 12 Summary of Survey Respondents’ Views about BIM Implementation Optimization Issues

53 How does your organization currently use BIM? (Check all that apply.) Value Percent Count Airport AEC Capture the current status of the facility and facility elements 58.3 4 3 Quantify the amount of a facility element 58.3 5 2 Monitor the performance of facility elements and systems 16.7 1 1 Identify facility elements’ status 16.7 1 1 Determine the need for and select specific facility elements 33.3 3 1 Determine the location and placement of facility elements 83.3 7 3 Determine the magnitude and scale of facility elements 41.7 4 1 Coordinate facility elements to ensure efficiency and harmony 33.3 2 2 Forecast future performance of the facility and facility elements 16.7 1 1 Validate facility information and that it is logical and reasonable 41.7 4 1 Visualize the facility or facility elements 83.3 6 4 Modify information and translate it to be utilized for another process 50.0 3 3 Draw the facility or facility elements 83.3 6 4 Document the facility and facility elements 75.0 5 4 Fabricate facility elements 66.7 4 4 Assemble the facility elements 50.0 2 4 Control equipment assembling facility elements 8.3 0 1 Operate facility equipment 16.7 0 2 Other: (1) Renderings; (2) Still in pilot project phase 16.7 2 0 Total Respondents 8 4

54 Which of the following BIM uses does your organization currently utilize? (Check all that apply.) Value Percent Count Airport AEC Maintenance Scheduling 18.2 1 1 Building System Analysis 18.2 1 1 Asset Management 45.5 2 3 Space Management / Tracking 27.3 1 2 Disaster Planning 18.2 2 0 Record Modeling 72.7 4 4 Site Utilization Planning 45.5 2 3 Construction System Design 45.5 3 2 Digital Fabrication 36.4 2 2 3D Control and Planning 45.5 2 3 3D Design Coordination 81.8 5 4 Design Authoring 81.8 5 4 Energy Analysis 36.4 3 1 Structural Analysis 27.3 3 0 Lighting Analysis 36.4 3 1 Mechanical Analysis 18.2 2 0 Other Engineering Analysis 18.2 2 0 LEED Evaluation 18.2 1 1 Code Validation 9.1 0 1 Programming 45.5 4 1 Site Analysis 54.6 3 3 Design Reviews 63.6 3 4 Phase Planning (4D Modeling) 63.6 4 3 Cost Estimation 54.6 2 4 Existing Conditions Modeling 63.6 4 3 Other: Initializing utilization 18.2 2 0 Total Respondents 7 4 In what general order did your organization implement the BIM uses listed in the previous question? (You may use numbers more than once.) Maintenance Scheduling Count Response 1 3 1 4 Building System Analysis Count Response 2 3 Site Utilization Planning Count Response 1 1 1 10 1 2 2 3 Design Authoring Count Response 4 1 2 2 1 3 1 4 Asset Management Count Response 1 13 2 3 2 4 Construction System Design Count Response 1 11 4 3 1 7 Energy Analysis Count Response 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 7

55 Space Management / Tracking Count Response 2 2 1 4 Digital Fabrication Count Response 1 11 1 13 3 3 Structural Analysis Count Response 1 1 1 2 1 4 Disaster Planning Count Response 1 4 3D Control and Planning Count Response 1 12 3 2 1 3 Lighting Analysis Count Response 1 4 2 5 Record Modeling Count Response 1 1 1 10 1 14 1 2 2 3 1 6 3D Design Coordination Count Response 2 1 4 2 1 3 1 4 Mechanical Analysis Count Response 1 3 1 4 Other Engineering Analysis Count Response 1 4 1 7 Design Reviews Count Response 1 1 3 2 1 8 1 9 LEED Evaluation Count Response 1 15 1 2 Code Validation Count Response 1 2 Phase Planning (4D Modeling) Count Response 1 10 1 12 4 2 1 5 Programming Count Response 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 8 1 9 Cost Estimation Count Response 3 2 1 4 1 6 Site Analysis Count Response 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 8 Existing Conditions Modeling Count Response 4 1 1 2 1 3 1 9

56 Summary Table: BIM Use Implementation Sequence Profiles for Responding Airports Phase BIM Use BIM Activity Level Very High High Medium Low A L L Existing Conditions Modeling 1 2 3 1 Future — N O N E C U R R E N T L Y , B U T E X P E C T F U L L I M P L E M E N T A T IO N I N F U T U R E Cost Estimation 2 — Future 4 Future Future P L A N , D E S IG N a nd /o r C O N S T R U C T Phase Planning (4D Modeling) 2 8 — 2 1 Future Design Reviews 2 7 — 2 — — Site Analysis 3 — 4 — 1 — Programming 2 6 — 4 1 — Code Validation Future Future — — Future — LEED Evaluation Future — — — 1 Future Engineering Analysis (structural, lighting, energy…) Future 4 — 4 1 Future Design Authoring 2 3 1 2 1 — 3D Design Coordination 3 1 2 2 1 Future 3D Control and Planning 3 — Future 2 Future Future Digital Fabrication 3 — Future — 1 — Construction System Design 3 — Future 3 1 Future Site Utilization Planning 2 — Future Future 1 — O P E R A T E Record Modeling* 3 5 Future 3 1 Future COBie Standard* — Future — Future — — Disaster Planning 4 — — Future Future — Space Management/ Tracking 4 — — — Future — Asset Management 4 Future Future 3 Future Future Building System Analysis Future — — 3 Future — Maintenance Scheduling 4 — — Future Future — *Transitions between construction phase and operations phase

57 Which of the following opportunities in BIM do you expect your organization will require on projects in the future? (Check all that apply. Do not include current uses selected in previous question.) Value Percent Count - Airport Cost estimation 75.0 6 Existing conditions modeling 62.5 5 Phase planning 50.0 4 Programming 37.5 3 Site analysis 37.5 3 Energy analysis 62.5 5 Structural analysis 62.5 5 Mechanical analysis 62.5 5 Lighting analysis 62.5 5 LEED evaluation 50.0 4 Code and standards validation 62.5 5 3D coordination 62.5 5 Site utilization planning 50.0 4 Construction system design 62.5 5 Digital fabrication 25.0 2 3D control and planning 75.0 6 Record model 62.5 5 Maintenance scheduling 50.0 4 Building system analysis 62.5 5 Asset management 87.5 7 Space management and tracking 37.5 3 Disaster planning 37.5 3 COBie standard 37.5 3 Total Airports 8 Which tools does your organization use to support BIM operations? (Check all that apply.) Value Percent Count Airport AEC Authoring tools 83.3 7 3 Analysis tools 41.7 2 3 Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems for facility operations 25.0 1 2 Laser scanning to capture existing conditions/integrate with models 91.7 7 4 Augmented reality to blend models with live camera views of reality 41.7 2 3 Simulation and analysis to optimize logistical planning/decision making 33.3 2 2 Hyper-realistic immersive visualization to communicate complex information 0.0 0 0 Total Respondents 8 4 Do you have any methods in place for calculating return on investment (ROI) on BIM use? Value Percent Count Airport AEC Yes 33.3 2 2 No 66.7 6 2 Total Respondents 8 4

58 ROI Airport Results Summary Table: BIM Activity Level (from Figure 2) versus BIM Value BIM Activity Level Track Costs, Calculate ROI Design and Construction Phase Operations and Maintenance Phase # of Respondents BIM has added value # of Respondents BIM has added value Very High 100% 2 100% 1 Yes High 60% 5 100% 2 50% Medium 67% 3 100% 1 Yes Low 0% 2 50% 0 - Have all the initial costs associated with BIM implementation been accounted for? Value Percent Count Airport AEC Yes 50.0 3 3 No 41.7 5 0 Not applicable 8.3 0 1 Total Respondents 8 4 Does your organization have a system in place to track and analyze recurring costs associated with BIM implementation? Value Percent Count Airport AEC Yes 33.3 2 2 No 66.7 6 2 Which of the following performance metrics does your organization have in place to calculate or assess ROI? (Check all that apply.) Value Percent Count Airport AEC Reduced initial costs 33.3 1 0 Reduced life cycle costs 33.3 1 0 Increased profitability 0.0 0 0 Increased (labor) productivity 0.0 0 0 Increased operations/maintenance efficiency 0.0 0 0 Reduced requests for information (RFIs) during construction 66.7 1 1 Reduced design errors and omissions 66.7 1 1 Shortened construction duration 33.3 0 1 Compared life cycle performance of non-BIM projects with BIM projects 0.0 0 0 Compared life cycle performance of past BIM projects with current BIM projects 33.3 1 0 Other: Establishing ROIs and KPIs (key performance indicators) are in progress 33.3 1 0 Total Respondents 2 1

59 What benefits do you believe are realized by your organization in using BIM during design and construction? (Check all that apply.) Value Percent Count Airport AEC Reduced cost 50.0 3 3 Better cost control/predictability 83.3 6 4 Increased profitability 16.7 1 1 Increased productivity [e.g., reducing redundant work (labor)] 75.0 5 4 Fewer requests for information (RFIs), errors and omissions, rework 75.0 5 4 Reduced cycle times for project workflows and approvals 41.7 3 2 Fewer unplanned project changes 58.3 4 3 Less disruption in project process 58.3 4 3 Improved visualization 91.7 7 4 Linking of vital information for estimation and tendering 41.7 3 2 Collaboration among project team using a single source of information 83.3 6 4 Shortened construction duration 50.0 5 1 Facilitate analysis of design, compliance 58.3 4 3 Single repository for building system information 66.7 5 3 Improved safety 50.0 4 2 Increased competitiveness, enhanced image 66.7 4 4 Other: Many of these benefits are realized due to results of partnering 8.3 1 0 Total Respondents 8 4

60 What benefits do you believe are realized by your organization in using BIM during operations? (Check all that apply.) Value Percent Count - Airport Not applicable 33.3 2 Reduced cost 33.3 2 Better cost control/predictability 33.3 2 Increased profitability 16.7 1 Increased productivity [e.g., reducing redundant work (labor)] 33.3 2 Reduced cycle times for project workflows and approvals 16.7 1 Fewer unplanned project changes 16.7 1 Less disruption in project process 16.7 1 Improved visualization 50.0 3 Linking of vital information for estimation and tendering 33.3 2 Collaboration among project team using a single source of information 33.3 2 Shortened construction duration 16.7 1 Facilitate analysis of design, compliance 33.3 2 Single repository for building system information 16.7 1 Improved safety 33.3 2 Increased competitiveness, enhanced image 0.0 0 Increased operations/maintenance efficiency 16.7 1 Enhanced asset (facilities) management 33.3 2 Total Airports 6 Has the requirement for BIM added value during the design and construction phases? Value Percent Count Airport AEC Yes 91.7 7 4 No 8.3 1 0 Total Respondents 8 4

61 Has the use of BIM added value to the operations and maintenance (O&M) of your organization’s facility/facilities? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 50.0 2 No 25.0 1 Not applicable 25.0 1 Total Airports 4 What BIM requirements are included in your organization’s RFP for new or renovation projects? Value Percent Count - Airport Project execution plan 100.0 6 Risk allocation clauses 16.6 1 Delivery structure 33.3 2 Roles/responsibilities 66.7 4 Information exchange 66.7 4 Technology (software) 100.0 6 Communication procedures 66.7 4 Total Airports 6 Because data exchange between software requires a common language, do you have a requirement for file compatibility? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 83.3 5 No 16.7 1 Total Airports 6 Do tenants in your organization have any involvement in BIM? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 37.5 3 No 62.5 5 Total Airports 8 Are tenants required to create a BIM model? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 33.3 1 No 66.7 2 Total Airports 3 What minimum level of development (LOD) do you require of tenants at occupancy? Value Percent Count - Airport LOD 100 0.0 0 LOD 200 0.0 0 LOD 300 0.0 0 LOD 350 100.0 1 LOD 400 0.0 0 Not specified 0.0 0 Total Airports 1

62 Do you use energy analysis (energy modeling) for tenants? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 0.0 0 No 100.0 3 Total Airports 3 What group within your organization maintains BIM? Value Percent Count Airport AEC Dedicated BIM staff 41.7 2 3 Facilities staff 8.3 1 0 Outsourced to consultants/other stakeholders 8.3 1 0 Other: (1) CAD staff; (2) Design and construction; (3) Engineering data; (4) Engineer- ing staff 41.7 4 1 (all staff) Total Respondents 8 4 Is your organization currently using BIM for operations and maintenance and/or facilities management? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 12.5 1 No 75.0 6 Other: Not now 12.5 1 Total Airports 8 Which of the following operations, maintenance, and facilities management processes are used your organization? (Check all that apply.) Value Percent Count - Airport Building system operating analysis 0.0 0 Building performance against specified design 0.0 0 Maintenance scheduling 100.0 1 Space management and tracking 100.0 1 Asset management 100.0 1 Total Airports 1 Is your organization’s computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) integrated with BIM software for data exchange? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 0.0 0 No 100.0 1 Total Airports 1 Is your organization linking BIM with a geographic information system (GIS) for operations and maintenance? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 100.0 1 No 0.0 0 Total Airports 1

63 Is your organization’s asset management system integrated with BIM software for data exchange? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 0.0 0 No 100.0 2 Total Airports 2 Is your organization linking BIM with a geographic information system (GIS) for asset management? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 50.0 1 No 50.0 1 Total Airports 2 Does your organization require handover of the BIM from the construction phase? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 85.7 6 No 14.3 1 Total Airports 7 Does your organization utilize the Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie) standard for handover of the BIM from the construction phase? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 16.7 1 No 83.3 5 Total Airports 6 Does your organization require a BIM handover for new construction/renovation by tenants? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 100.0 1 No 0.0 0 Total Airports 1 Is your organization using BIM to document existing facilities and conditions, which are not part of a new program or construction project? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 50.0 4 No 50.0 4 Total Airports 8 Is your organization currently using BIM data for asset management? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 22.2 2 No 67.6 6 Not applicable 11.1 1 Total Airports 9

64 For which of the following asset management activities is your organization utilizing the BIM data? Value Percent Count - Airport Integrated decision making 50.0 1 Life cycle analysis 50.0 1 Real property inventory 50.0 1 Other: Transfer of data from Construction to Operations 50.0 1 Total Airports 2 Does your organization utilize metrics to assess the value of BIM utilization for asset management? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 0.0 0 No 100.0 2 Total Airports 2 Has the use of BIM added value to your organization’s asset management plan? Value Percent Count - Airport Yes 100.0 1 No 0.0 0 Total Airports 1