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Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25259.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations

A&E architecture and engineering
ACR American Carbon Registry
ADM Archer Daniels Midland
AFRI Agriculture and Food Research Initiative
APS American Physical Society
ARPA-E Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
ARS Agricultural Research Service
ASU air separation unit
BECCS bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration
BLM Bureau of Land Management
CAP Coordinated Agricultural Project
CAPEX capital expenditure
CAR Climate Action Reserve
CarbonSAFE Carbon Storage Assurance Facility Enterprise
CAST Council on Agricultural Science and Technology
C-CAP Coastal Change Analysis Program
CCIWG Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group
CCS carbon capture and sequestration
CCUS carbon capture, utilization, and storage
CDCL coal direct chemical looping
CKD cement kiln dust
CMS carbon monitoring system
CO2 carbon dioxide
CRI CRI Catalyst Company, Shell Group
CRMS Coastwide Reference Monitoring System
CRP Conservation Reserve Program
CSP Conservation Stewardship Program
CWPPRA Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act
DEB Division of Environmental Biology
DOE Department of Energy
DOI Department of the Interior
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25259.
×
EIA Energy Information Administration
EJ exajoule
ENSO El Niño–Southern Oscillation
EOR enhanced oil recovery
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPRI Electric Power Research Institute
FA fly ash
FE fossil energy
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FIA Forest Inventory and Analysis
FTE full-time equivalent
GCEP Global Climate and Energy Project
GDP gross domestic product
GeoPRISMS Geodynamic Processes at Rifting and Subducting Margins
GHG greenhouse gas
GRI Gas Research Institute
GTI Gas Technology Institute
ha hectare
IAM integrated assessment model
IECM integrated environment control model
IGCC integrated gasificaton combined cycle
IL-ICCS Illnois Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage
INDC intended nationally determined contribution
InSAR interferometric synthetic aperture radar
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISBL inside battery limits
ITM Inland Testing Manual
JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory
KIIT Korea Institute of Industrial Technology
LCA life cycle assessment
LCOE levelized cost of electricity
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25259.
×
LHV lower heating value
LTER Long-Term Ecological Research
MEA monoethanolamine
Mha million hectare
MHHW mean higher high water
MHHWS Mean Higher High Water Spring
MLW mean low water
MMT million metric tons
MMW measuring, monitoring, and verification
MSL mean sea level
MTG methanol-to-gas
MVA monitoring, verification, accounting
N2O nitrous oxide
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASEM National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
NBBF natural and nature-based features
NCPV National Center for Photovoltaics
NEON National Ecological Observatory Network
NEP net ecosystem productivity
NERRA National Estuarine Research Reserve Association
NET Negative Emissions Technology
NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory
NGCC natural gas combined cycle
NGO nongovernmental organization
NIFA National Institute of Food Agriculture
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NPP net primary production
NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory
NRI Natural Resource Inventory
NSF National Science Foundation
NSF OCE National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Studies
O&M operations and maintenance
OC organic carbon
OTM and ITM Ocean and Inland Testing Manuals
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25259.
×
PAF perturbation atmospheric fraction
PNNL Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
ppm parts per million
ppmv parts per million by volume
PSII photosystem II
PV photovoltaics
R&D research and Development
RCP Representative Concentration Pathway
Re respiration
REDD+ Reduced Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus
RIIHL Reliance Industrial Investments and Holdings Ltd.
ROOTS Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration
RSLR relative sea level rise
SCPC supercritical pulverized coal
SCS soil carbon sequestration
SE standard error
SET surface elevation table
SLR sea-level rise
SOCCR-2 Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report
SOM soil organic matter
SubTER Subsurface Technology and Engineering Research, Development, & Demonstration
TRL technology readiness level
TSA temperature swing adsorption
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USC ultra-supercritical
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
USFS U.S. Forest Service
USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
VCS Verified Carbon Standard
VSA vacuum swing adsorption
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25259.
×
Page 409
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25259.
×
Page 410
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25259.
×
Page 411
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25259.
×
Page 412
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Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda Get This Book
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 Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda
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To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions.

In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

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