Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs (2012)

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4 Relevant Research Organizations Projects Association of American Railroads (AAR) 21 Association of American Railroads/Rail Research Foundation (AAR/RRF) 2 Association of American Railroads/Railway Supply Institute (AAR/RSI) 6 CSX BNSF International Vessel Operators Dangerous Goods Association (IVODGA, formerly VOHMA) National Tank Truck Carriers, Inc. (NTTC) Norfolk Southern Sentinel Trucking 1 SLT Expressway 2 Union Pacific 1 Response International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC) International Chiefs of Police (IAPC) Consulting ABS Consulting Battelle Booz Allen Hamilton Engineering Systems, Inc. SAIC Visual Risk Technologies, Inc. (VRT) Professional Security Analysis and Risk Management Association (SARMA) DHS University Centers Awareness and Localization of Explosives-Related Threats Center for Island, Maritime, and Extreme Environment Security National Center for Border Security and Immigration National Center for Food Protection and Defense National Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) 4 National Center for the Study of Preparedness and Catastrophic Event Response National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism National Transportation Security Center of Excellence Natural Disasters, Coastal Infrastructure and Emergency Management Purdue University Regional Visualization and Analytics Center University Transportation Centers None of the University Transportation Centers conducted relevant hazmat transportation research. 3. Hazardous Materials Transportation Research Projects One of the main tasks in this project was the compilation of recent, current, and planned hazmat research projects. The project specifications limited past projects to those from 2009 and later, so a number of well-known and important projects were not included. These older projects include the

5 Hazardous Materials Safety and Security Operational Test completed by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration in 2004 and the Volpe Transportation Center’s 2003 study, “The Role of Hazardous Material Placards in Transportation Safety and Security.” The process to identify potential hazmat transportation research organizations and the resulting list of organizations is described in the preceding section of this report. There were one or more identified contacts for each organization based on project team or Project Panel experience. Each of these individuals was contacted and the project was explained. Some representatives indicated that, while their organization may be very involved in hazmat transportation, they did not conduct any related research. For the others, an in-person or telephone interview was scheduled or an interview was conducted on the spot. In some cases, additional contacts were identified from that organization and they were also contacted. Since the project team was also conducting a related Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program effort related to hazmat transportation risk assessment, an interview template was developed that served both projects. The research elements of that template are included in Appendix A. The list of hazardous materials transportation-related research projects in Table 2 was compiled from interviews with research organizations and other supplemental research, such as Internet searches. This list was augmented throughout the project as additional information was obtained. The project list in Table 2 is ordered by group and organization. Key attribute information includes the context and subject areas for each project; its status and estimated completion date; a point of contact; a link to online project information, if available; and a brief description. The context and subject areas listed for each project are derived from the solicitation (marked with an asterisk below) for the project and augmented by the project team. The context areas capture the setting and perspective under which the research was, is, or will be conducted. The context areas used in this report are: • Regulatory*/Enforcement • Business* • Economic* • Safety • Security The subject areas listed for each project describe the general area that the research addresses and are: • Packaging* • Routing* • Emergency Response* • Enforcement* • Risk Assessment* • Operations • Training • Technology • Material Classification • General Policy

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 6 Table 2. Research Projects Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description ACADEMIC/RESEARCH National Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) 1. Chlorine Spill Resource Allocation ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Isaac Maya, isaac.maya@usc.edu, (213) 740-3865 http://create.usc.edu/publications/publications_by_ primary_author.html Security Economic --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Emergency Response Complete June 2010 Development of a methodology for determining optimal emergency response resource allocation for chlorine spill events 2. Nuclear Material Resource Allocation ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Isaac Maya, isaac.maya@usc.edu, (213) 740-3865 http://create.usc.edu/publications/publications_by_ primary_author.html Security Economic --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Ongoing September 2011 Developing resource allocation strategies for detecting movements of nuclear materials within urban areas. Factors in costs associated with deployment, congestion and delays, as well as costs of consequences of failure to detect/deter. Methods can be used for deployment on a local level, such as at a port or airport, or for building a systems-type approach on a large scale, such as state-wide, or multiple metropolitan areas. 3. TransNEMO ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Isaac Maya, isaac.maya@usc.edu, (213) 740-3865 http://create.usc.edu/publications/publications_by_ primary_author.html Security Economic --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Complete September 2010 Developing a model for tracking the economic effects throughout the national economy, spatially and temporally, of a terrorist attack. Model has been used to study attack on ports and considers impact on transportation networks. 4. Transportation Resiliency ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Isaac Maya, isaac.maya@usc.edu, (213) 740-3865 Security Economic --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Planned Research into methods for determining the resiliency of transportation network infrastructure to terrorist attacks National Pipeline Safety & Operations Research Center 5. Waterway policy and pipeline operation ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Les Olsen, l-olson@tamu.edu, (979) 862-2846, Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Planned Compliance of port and waterway policies with pipeline construction and operation

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 7 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 6. Pipeline policy and infrastructure expansion ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Les Olsen, l-olson@tamu.edu, (979) 862-2846, Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Planned Impact of pipeline policies on the expansion of transportation infrastructures 7. Use of demographic data in pipeline research ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Les Olsen, l-olson@tamu.edu, (979) 862-2846, Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology Planned Incorporation of demographic data into risk analyses/GIS applications 8. Marine pipeline research ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Les Olsen, l-olson@tamu.edu, (979) 862-2846, Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Planned Integrity and monitoring of coastline and offshore pipelines 9. Advanced leak detection technologies ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Les Olsen, l-olson@tamu.edu, (979) 862-2846, Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology Planned Leak detection using fluid transport technology 10. Pipeline applications of NDE technologies ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Les Olsen, l-olson@tamu.edu, (979) 862-2846, Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology Planned Nondestructive examination (NDE) applications to monitor structural integrity 11. Third-party damage of pipelines ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Les Olsen, l-olson@tamu.edu, (979) 862-2846, Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Planned Prediction and prevention of accidental third party damage 12. Standards for static testing of pipelines ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Les Olsen, l-olson@tamu.edu, (979) 862-2846, Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Planned Review of codes and specifications for static testing 13. Application of technologies for pipeline monitoring and communication ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Les Olsen, l-olson@tamu.edu, (979) 862-2846, Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology Planned Use of remote sensors and low-cost electronics to communicate pipeline conditions, leaks, pipeline locations, pipeline encroachments - specifically for use in Chinese pipelines

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 8 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description Texas A&M University 14. An integrated vulnerability-based detection/interception model for the protection of regional infrastructure from covert attack ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Justin T. Yates, jtyates@tamu.edu, 979.845.1506 Security --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Routing Complete 2009 This project produced a modified shortest path network interdiction formulation for the placement of detection sensors within a geographic region of interest in lieu of direct placement (or interdiction) of network arcs to assess regional network vulnerability. An integrated interception team model uses these resource location results to allocate interception units on the network and analyze their effectiveness in responding to generated sensor alarms. Various models are adapted to locate units and assess interception performance, and a demonstrative case analysis is examined. 15. Utilization of accident databases and fuzzy sets to estimate frequency of Hazmat transport accidents ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Yuanhua Qiao, seraph@tamu.edu Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Complete 2009 Development of a methodology to estimate hazardous materials transportation accident frequency by utilizing publicly available databases and expert knowledge. The integrated methodology provides the basis for an overall transportation risk analysis.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 9 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description Texas Transportation Institute 16. Managing the Movements of Hazardous Materials Shipments through Texas Population Centers ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Jeffery E. Warner, j-warner@tamu.edu, (979) 862- 2915 http://tti.tamu.edu/projects/project_details.htm?id =2715 Regulatory/Enforcement Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Routing Operations/Training Complete 2009 This project examined the quantities, origins, and destinations of hazardous materials flows in Texas by mode of transportation; reviewed the respective roles of stakeholders; investigated the hazmat route relocation potential of multimodal corridors and other rail routes; and provided guiding principles on effective state and sub-state strategies for the management of hazardous materials movements. A guidebook of management strategies provides tools and activities that planners at all levels can utilize to reduce the potential negative effects of shipping hazardous materials through urban centers. Additionally, planners and officials can use the data evaluation to better understand the overall movements of hazardous materials in Texas. Transportation Research Board (TRB) - Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program (HMCRP) 17. A Guide for Assessing Emergency Response Needs and Capabilities for Hazardous Materials Releases (HM-03) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Battelle Arthur Greenburg, greenbea@battelle.org http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=1605 Safety --------------------------------- Emergency Response Complete 11/2010 The objective of this project is to develop a guide for conducting assessments of emergency response needs and capabilities for hazardous materials releases. 18. Accident Performance Data of Bulk Packages Used for Hazardous Materials Transportation (HM- 07) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ESI Phil Daum, pjdaum@esi-il.com http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=2659 Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Risk Assessment In progress 05/2012 The objectives of this research are to (1) recommend methodologies for collecting and analyzing performance data for U.S. DOT-specified hazardous materials bulk packages (i.e., portable tanks and cargo tank motor vehicles) and (2) identify and evaluate institutional barriers to data collection and recommendations for overcoming these barriers.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 10 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 19. Best Practices in Hazardous Materials Pipeline Emergency Response Plans (HM-15) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=3139 Safety --------------------------------- Emergency Response Pending The objective of this research is to develop a best practices guide that addresses both the appropriate content as well as dissemination of Hazardous Materials Pipeline Emergency Response Plans. 20. Consolidated Security Credential for Persons Who Transport Hazardous Materials (HM-08) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Virginia Polytechnic Institute Darrell S. Bowman, Darrell.Bowman@vt.edu http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=2660 Security Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Operations/Training In progress 02/2011 The objective of this research is to identify options for achieving the objective of a single, universally recognized credential that establishes (a) identity; (b) eligibility to access secure areas; and (c) eligibility to obtain or hold transportation-related licenses, credentials and other government certifications required of persons who transport hazardous materials by all modes in the U.S. 21. Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs (HM-10) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Visual Risk Technologies, Inc. Mark Lepofsky, mlepofsky@vrisk.com, (703) 816- 5244 http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=2928 Research Needs --------------------------------- General Policy In progress 01/2012 The objective of the research is to review and compile current and proposed hazardous materials transportation research and prioritize future research needs for HMCRP. 22. Emerging Technologies Applicable to Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety and Security (HM- 04) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Battelle Bill Tate, tatew@battelle.org http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=1606 Safety Security --------------------------------- Operations/Training Technology Complete 11/2010 The objectives of this project are to (1) develop a list of near-term (less than 5 years) and longer-term (5– 10 years) technologies that are candidates for use in enhancing the safety and security of hazardous materials transportation; (2) identify emerging technologies during these near- and longer-term spans; and (3) identify potential impediments to and opportunities for their development, deployment, and maintenance.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 11 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 23. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Hazmat Transportation Training (HM-17) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Project Performance Corporation Dan Kocher http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=3141 Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training In progress 3/16/2013 The objective of this research is to develop a guide that describes methodologies, metrics, and best practices used to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs and instructional methods (including preparation and delivery) used to impart hazardous materials (hazmat) transportation safety and security regulatory requirements to public- and private-sector hazmat employees. 24. Evaluation of the Use of Electronic Shipping Papers for Hazardous Materials Shipments (HM-05) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Battelle Bill Tate, tatew@battelle.org http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=2425 Regulatory/Enforcement Business --------------------------------- Operations/Training In progress 01/2012 The objective of this research is to develop a roadmap for the use of electronic shipping papers as an alternative to the current paper-based hazardous materials communication system. The roadmap will address the electronic transfer of safety, operational, regulatory compliance, and emergency response data and documentation, for and amongst all transport modes. 25. Guidebook for Developing Sub-national Commodity Flow Data (NCFRP 20) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Cambridge Systematics Dike Ahanotu, dahanotu@camsys.com, (404) 460- 2601 http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=2662 Regulatory/Enforcement Safety Security --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Routing Emergency Response In progress 03/2011 The objective of this research is to provide state DOTs and other sub-national agencies with a guidebook for obtaining and compiling commodity flow data useful for their analyses. This study does not focus on hazmat, but does have a tie in through the language in Task 1, which requires a review of examples of sub-national-level compilation and use of commodity flow information, “including the results of HMCRP-01, ‘Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Data and Analysis.’” 26. Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Data and Analysis (HM-01) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Texas A&M University George O. Rogers, grogers@tamu.edu, (979) 845- 7284 http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=1603 Regulatory/Enforcement Safety Security --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Routing Emergency Response Complete 03/2010 The objective of this project is to produce a guidebook for conducting hazardous materials commodity flow surveys to support local risk assessment, emergency response preparedness, and resource allocation and to support analyses across jurisdictional boundaries.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 12 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 27. Hazardous Materials Transportation Incident Data for Root Cause Analysis (HM-02) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Battelle Arthur Greenburg, greenbea@battelle.org http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=1604 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Complete 06/2009 The objectives of this research are to (1) develop a set of practical recommendations for methods to improve the availability and quality of hazardous materials transportation incident data, (2) identify gaps and redundancies in reporting requirements, and (3) provide an estimate of the under-reporting of serious incidents. The scope of this research includes all transportation modes covered by 49 CFR Parts 100-180. 28. Hazardous Materials Transportation Risk Assessment: State of the Practice (HM-12) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Visual Risk Technologies, Inc. Mark Lepofsky, mlepofsky@vrisk.com, (703) 816- 5244 http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=2930 Safety Security --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Pending 05/2012 The objectives of this project are to (a) identify existing tools, methodologies, approaches, and key sources of data for assessing hazardous materials transportation risks in the public and private sectors; (b) characterize the capabilities and limitations of each; (c) identify where there are significant gaps and needs in the available tools and approaches; and (d) recommend paths forward. Transportation risks of particular concern relate to acute releases of significant quantities of hazardous materials for all modes of transportation. 29. Improved Classification and Categorization of Water-Reactive Substances (HM-14) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Edward T. Harrigan, eharriga@nas.edu, (202) 334- 3232 http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=3138 Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training Risk Assessment Emergency Response Planned The objective of this research is to investigate new or enhanced test procedures and classification criteria for water-reactive substances in order to take into account the potential buildup of flammable or toxic gases within a container or cargo hold that could lead to explosions. 30. Improving Local Community Recovery from Disastrous Hazardous Materials Transportation Incidents (HM-11) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ABS Consulting Rick Ranous, RRanous@absconsulting.com http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=2929 Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Emergency Response Pending 04/2012 The objective of this research is to develop a compendium of best practices that can be used by local communities to plan for recovery from disastrous hazardous materials transportation incidents.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 13 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 31. Model Post-Secondary Education Curricula for the Transportation of Hazardous Materials (HM-16) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Sigma Consultants Michael Bronzini http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=3140 Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training In progress 4/1/2013 The objective of this research is to develop model post-secondary education curricula that address the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed by the public (e.g., regulators, inspectors) and private (e.g., shippers, receivers) sectors for the safe and efficient transportation of hazardous materials. 32. Role of Human Factors in Preventing Cargo Tank Truck Rollovers (HM-13) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Battelle Doug Pape, paped@battelle.org http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=2931 Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training Risk Assessment Pending 01/2012 The objectives of this research are to (1) identify and analyze the root causes of the major driver factors contributing to cargo tank truck rollovers and (2) determine best safety, management, and communication practices that can be used to minimize or eliminate driver errors in cargo tank truck operations. 33. Soil and Groundwater Impacts of Chemical Mixture Releases from Hazardous Materials Transportation Incidents (HM-06) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- HAS Richard Lewis http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=2426 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Emergency Response Complete 10/2010 The objective of this research is to develop a tool to assess, classify, predict, and quickly communicate fate and transport characteristics of chemical mixtures released into the soil and groundwater as a result of hazardous materials transportation incidents. The tool will allow carriers, shippers, responders, risk compliance specialists, and regulators to assess, compare, classify, and communicate the environmental hazards to soil and groundwater posed by chemical mixtures in transport. 34. Technical Assessment of Dry Ice Limits on Aircraft (HM-09) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Battelle Thomas McSweeney, mcsween@battelle.org http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=2661 Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training In progress 5/2012 The objective of this research is to develop a decision tool(s) to assist passenger and cargo-only aircraft operators in determining the maximum quantity of dry ice that can be safely carried as cargo.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 14 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description University of Buffalo 35. Value-at-Risk Model for Hazardous Material Transportation ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Norfolk Southern Corporation Yingying Kang, yingying.kang@nscorp.com Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Routing Complete 2010 This project develops a Value-at-Risk (VaR) model to generate route choices for a hazmat shipment based on a specified risk confidence level. The objective is to determine a route which minimizes the likelihood that the risk will be greater than a set threshold. Several properties of the VaR model are established. An exact solution procedure is developed and tested to solve the single-trip problem. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 36. Ambient intelligence for freight railroads ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Riccardo Crepaldi, rcrepal2@illinois.edu Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training Technology Complete 2009 Explores the benefits of intelligent telemetry for freight trains and its application to environmental protection by its potential to reduce hazmat releases. 37. Communication and Interpretation of Results of Railroad Hazardous Materials Transportation Route Risk Analyses ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Athaphon Kawprasert, akawpra2@uiuc.edu Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Routing Operations/Training Complete 2009 Using results from a quantitative risk analysis of hazardous materials shipped by rail to develop and illustrate several new techniques to more effectively present, interpret, and communicate risk results. The analysis accounted for the major factors affecting risk: infrastructure quality, traffic volume, population exposure along the shipment routes, as well as tank car design and product characteristics. Approaches for system level and route specific analyses are presented. 38. Effect of Train Speed on Risk Analysis of Transporting Hazardous Materials by Rail ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Athaphon Kawprasert, akawpra2@uiuc.edu Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Complete 2009 Study of the effect of train speed on railroad hazardous materials transportation risk. A statistical method was developed to estimate the speed- dependent conditional probability of release (CPR) of hazardous material from tank cars involved in accidents. The objective was to assess how accounting for speed affects the results of risk analysis.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 15 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 39. Optimizing railroad tank car safety design to reduce hazardous materials transportation risk ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Mohd Rapik Saat, mohdsaat@uiuc.edu Safety --------------------------------- Packaging Risk Assessment Complete 2010 Development of a modeling approach in which tank car safety design optimization is considered as a two-phase process. The first phase addresses the tradeoff between safety and transportation efficiency by using Pareto optimization to identify the most efficient design combinations to improve safety while minimizing incremental weight. The second phase involves estimation of chemical- specific hazard levels and calculation of the consequent benefits and costs to determine the optimal level of protection for tank cars transporting different hazardous materials. 40. An environmental screening model to assess the consequences to soil and groundwater from railroad-tank-car spills of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Charles J. Werth, werth@uiuc.edu Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Emergency Response Complete 2010 This study presents the development and application of an environmental screening model to assess NAPL infiltration and redistribution in soils and groundwater, and to assess groundwater cleanup time using a pumping system. Model simulations use parameters and conditions representing LNAPL releases from railroad tank cars. University of Kentucky/Kentucky Transportation Center 41. Fedtrak ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Doug Kreis, dkreis@engr.uky.edu, (859) 257-6898 Safety Security --------------------------------- Operations/Training Technology Risk Assessment In progress Ongoing (in R&D phase) This project will support the Transportation Security Administration's (TSA's) efforts to track and manage the security risks of Tier 1 hazardous materials shipments. It will provide TSA with situational awareness. 42. Marine transportation of hazardous materials ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Doug Kreis, dkreis@engr.uky.edu, (859) 257-6898 Safety Security --------------------------------- Operations/Training Risk Assessment Planned The University plans to undertake research related to supporting the movement of hazardous materials (and other freight) in maritime transportation. This would include defining the associated risks and policies to address them.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 16 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description Vanderbilt University 43. A proof of concept study for analyzing hazmat transportation risks in an all-hazards environment ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Mark Abkowitz, mark.abkowitz@vanderbilt.edu Safety Security Economic --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Complete 2009 Early stage development of an all-hazards risk management (AHRM) approach focusing on hazardous materials transportation risk. The methodology expresses relevant risks in monetary terms, creating a consistent basis from which one can identify risks that warrant priority attention. An early stage case-study application is examined. 44. Climate Change Impacts on Transportation Infrastructure ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Mark Abkowitz, mark.abkowitz@vanderbilt.edu Safety Security Business --------------------------------- Operations/Training Planned Climate change risk how it impacts transportation infrastructure - affects hazmat transportation. Will be looking at scenarios of how transportation infrastructure is impacted by climate change and what investments will be required. 45. Determining Climate Change Thresholds ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Mark Abkowitz, mark.abkowitz@vanderbilt.edu Safety Security Business --------------------------------- Operations/Training Planned Will be holding a summit on freight transportation to determine climate change thresholds for determining/prescribing changes in operations and infrastructure investments. 46. Terrorism risk assessment methodology ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Mark Abkowitz, mark.abkowitz@vanderbilt.edu Security --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Complete 2011 Development of a methodology for modeling terrorism-related risk on a regional scale Virginia Polytechnic Institute 47. Development of Hazardous Materials Shipper Prioritization Application ---------------------------------------------------------------------- William Andrew Schaudt, aschaudt@vtti.vt.edu Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Operations/Training Complete 2010 This study reviews, documents, and recommends improvements to the Hazardous Materials Package Inspection Program. A thorough review and examination of the program was performed, and a prioritization software application was developed. CARRIERS - HIGHWAY Sentinel Trucking 48. Advanced Safety Technologies ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Sentinel Trucking Safety Security --------------------------------- Operations/Training Technology In progress Investigating the use of advanced safety technologies, such as onboard recorders, remote shutdown, and front and back video cameras.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 17 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description CARRIERS - RAIL Association of American Railroads (AAR) Tank Car Committee 49. Alternatives to Qualification Markings ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to discuss alternative approaches to the current requirements for tank car markings to make it easier for car owners to manage their fleets using an electronic database. 50. Bottom Outlet Performance ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force investigating incidents where valves opened during transportation, possibly due to vibration. They are reviewing securement methods in the context of current environment conditions. 51. Consider Modifications to Current Steel Specifications ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to develop modifications to current steel specifications. Both higher silicon content steel and low sulfur TC-128 steel are being discussed. 52. Consider New Steels for Tank Car Tanks ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety Security --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to investigate new steels for use in the construction of tank car tanks. Currently exploring DHS interest in a test on new tank car steels. 53. Consider Permanent Marking for AAR Class Cars ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to consider permanent markings for AAR class tank cars. There are plans to develop a proposal explaining how cars are maintained under AAR specifications and determine what is needed to upgrade an AAR specification car to a DOT specification car. 54. Consider Responsibilities of Parties in Tank Car Maintenance ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to review the responsibilities of parties involved with the modifications, conversions, alterations, and heavy repairs to tank cars. 55. Effects of Environmental Harmonics on Safety Relief Devices ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to investigate the effects of harmonics on safety relief devices. Catastrophic failure of these devices has been observed on 30,000 gallon tank cars.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 18 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 56. Evaluation and Use of Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to address non-destructive testing issues for all methods except acoustic emission. 57. Extended Life of Tank Cars ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force examining requirements and markings for extended-life tank cars. 58. Grounding Requirements for Tank Cars ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to review the grounding requirements for tank cars. 59. Non-Accident Release Program ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing joint efforts to reduce non-accident releases, including efforts to build a Rail Industry NAR Reduction Contact Network to help in the process of notifying shippers of their NARs. 60. Performance Standard for Surge Pressure Reduction Devices ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to develop a performance standard for surge suppression devices. 61. Pressure Relief Valve Inspection Intervals ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to consider the appropriate path forward regarding testing of safety valves, including the possibility of a petition for rulemaking. 62. Recommended Practice for Joint Design ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force reviewing basic philosophies and best practices for fluid sealing to develop a recommended practice. 63. Replacement of Eyebolts during Qualification ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to review the ability to replace eyebolts on hinged and bolted manways during qualification. 64. Review Allowable Materials of Tank Car Fasteners ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to review allowable materials of tank car fasteners.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 19 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 65. Review Manway Cover Design for Non-Pressure Cars ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to review the design and application of hinged and bolted manways with the goal of eliminating non-accident releases. 66. Review of Hinged and Bolted Manways ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to review the ability to eliminate hinged and bolted manways as well as review redesign options. 67. Review of the Design and Performance of Vacuum Relief Valves ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to review the design and performance of vacuum relief valves. 68. Safety Relief Devices Exposed to Commodity Surge ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force to investigate the effects of commodity surging on safety relief devices that protrude below the bottom of the mounting nozzle. They appear to be causing valve spring stem failures. 69. Requirements for Installation of Surge Suppression Devices ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Ongoing Task Force for determining the suitability of retrofitting tanks cars prior to 1994 with surge suppression devices. Association of American Railroads/Rail Research Foundation (AAR/RRF) 70. Advanced Tank Car Collaborative Research Program (ATCCRP) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- AAR, FRA, TSA, S&T, Transport Canada, American Chemistry Council, Chlorine Institute, The Fertilizer Institute, Railway Supply Institute Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Regulatory/Enforcement Safety Security --------------------------------- Operations/Training Risk Assessment In progress A cooperative arrangement for collaboration on research which will inform the development of new, risk-based, designs, standards and regulations for tank cars carrying toxic inhalation hazard (TIH) materials.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 20 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 71. Rail Corridor Risk Management System (RCRMS) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ABS Consulting Bob Fronczak, RFronczak@aar.org Safety Security Business --------------------------------- Routing Risk Assessment Operations/Training Emergency Response In progress The Rail Corridor Risk Management System (RCRMS), a web-based software tool used by railroads to analyze the safest, most secure routes for the transportation of certain hazardous materials. The technology is being developed in coordination with the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). Association of American Railroads/Railway Supply Institute (AAR/RSI) 72. Tank Car Operating Environment Test ---------------------------------------------------------------------- TTCI Todd Treichel, ttreichel@aar.org, (540) 822-4800 Safety Business --------------------------------- Packaging Operations/Training Enforcement Complete Early 2010 Measured all the various loads and forces during transportation to help design tank cars and inspection intervals. 73. Impact Tests of Potential New Tank Steels ---------------------------------------------------------------------- various Todd Treichel, ttreichel@aar.org, (540) 822-4800 Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress This project included impact tests of potential new tank car steels to see whether they could survive the impacts; measure the transition temperatures (between ductile and brittle); and measure the weldability and formability of the steels. 74. Accident Data Analysis ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Todd Treichel, ttreichel@aar.org, (540) 822-4800 Safety Business --------------------------------- Packaging Complete 2010 Used accident data to examine issues that had not been looked at before. This included the effect of outage (remaining vapor space) in a car. The more room the lading has to move, the more survivable it may be, but there will be cost implications from reduced capacity. This also included study of the effect of standoff distances between the jacket and insulation. Do heater coils add to the puncture resistance of tank cars?

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 21 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 75. Database of Railcar Inspection Results ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Sims Professional Engineers Todd Treichel, ttreichel@aar.org, (540) 822-4800 Safety --------------------------------- Packaging Under development In conjunction with FRA, this project will create a database of FRA and AAR required railcar inspection results. This will allow AAR to examine the data for all fleets and produce findings of use to smaller fleet owners whose fleets are too small to support such analysis. 76. Examination of Non-Accident Releases (NARs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Todd Treichel, ttreichel@aar.org, (540) 822-4800 Safety --------------------------------- Packaging Operations/Training Risk Assessment In progress There are a number of NAR-related studies underway, including an industry-wide exploration of the NAR data, communication awareness training, etc. 77. Tank Car Fire-Related Safety Activities ---------------------------------------------------------------------- various Todd Treichel, ttreichel@aar.org, (540) 822-4800 Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress This involves a number of upgrades to the AFFTAC simulation program and a series of lab tests and other kinds of work. Improving the failure model will improve the overall simulation model. One project of note was one that involved testing tank car steels at high temperatures to better understand tensile and stress rupture behavior (completed in 2010). Union Pacific 78. Product Substitutions ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Scott Hinckley, wshinckl@up.com Safety Security --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Planned Continued investigation into product substitutions to reduce transportation risk

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 22 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description FEDERAL Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Chemical Security Analysis Center (CSAC) 79. Behavior of Toxic Chemical Releases from Large Transportation Packages ---------------------------------------------------------------------- George Famini, george.famini@dhs.gov Safety Security --------------------------------- Emergency Response Risk Assessment Complete 2010 This project, also referred to as Jack Rabbit, involved field tests to empirically measure the behavior of toxic chemical releases from large transportation packages, such as rail cars. The focus was on chlorine and ammonia releases. Explored whether ammonia could be used as a cheaper and less dangerous gas for studying large-scale TIH releases. Also included evaluation of instrumentation and development of a methodology for future tests. 80. Chemical Infrastructure Risk Assessment (CIRA) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- George Famini, george.famini@dhs.gov Safety Security --------------------------------- Emergency Response Risk Assessment In progress This is a probabilistic risk assessment focused on the chemical supply chain and sector, specifically on large-scale releases from facilities or while in transportation. The scope included the 46 TIH chemicals listed in the Chemical Facility Anti- Terrorism Standards (CFATS). This project seeks to provide an additional risk engine to support the CFATS program. The project has three elements: (1) review of current dispersion models and others that might be applied, (2) developing toxicity estimates, and (3) developing or enhancing scenarios and modules to reflect chemical supply chain risk.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 23 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 81. Increasing Safety of Hazardous Chemicals (ISHC) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- George Famini, george.famini@dhs.gov Safety Security --------------------------------- Emergency Response Risk Assessment In progress end of FY 2011 This project is attempting to develop tools for assessing if a process or element of the supply chain is safer and more secure than another. As an example, what would be the result of a change in the typical packaging for a specific material from 90- ton cylinders to 20-ton cylinders? This project goes beyond examining inherently safer technologies as it examines inherent, active, and passive technologies and procedural changes. There is a component of this work focused on developing a risk-based method to place CFATS Appendix A materials into tiers. 82. New Source Terms for Modeling Toxic Chemical Releases from Large Transportation Packages ---------------------------------------------------------------------- George Famini, george.famini@dhs.gov Safety Security --------------------------------- Emergency Response Risk Assessment In progress Almost finished This project builds on the prior project to determine the real-world behavior of large releases of toxic chemicals. The intent is to produce new source terms for input into consequence models. It included gap analysis for source emissions, dispersion, deposition, and consequence assessment for TIH materials. 83. Risk Estimation for Large-Scale Chlorine Road Transport Networks ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Towson University, Applied Math Lab George Famini, george.famini@dhs.gov Safety Security --------------------------------- Emergency Response Risk Assessment In progress 06/2011 This project is applying linear match to look at elements along a highway route to determine how to develop a path model that can be overlaid with a transport and dispersion model (such as HPAC or CHARM).

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 24 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) 84. Chemical Terrorism Risk Assessment (CTRA) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- George Famini, george.famini@dhs.gov Security --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress Biennial The Science & Technology (S&T) Directorate Chemical & Biological Division biennial Chemical Terrorism Risk Assessment (CTRA), required by the Domestic Chemical Defense Policy (DCPD), provides the basis for risk-informed investments for national strategic chemical defense planning while identifying key knowledge gaps and defining critical vulnerabilities. It is a computationally intensive, probabilistic event-tree model for assessing chemical terrorism risks. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 85. Lithium Battery Research ---------------------------------------------------------------------- FAA Tech Center Harry Webster, Harry.Webster@faa.gov Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Operations/Training In progress The FAA Tech Center will continue research on improved cell separator materials to stop or slow down thermal runaway propagation. In addition, the Tech Center will research packaging materials to adequately control the properties lithium batteries exhibit in a fire condition. Other research will explore the effectiveness of water mist in extinguishing lithium battery fires, evaluation of the ability of current hazmat shipping containers to withstand lithium battery fires, and development of a standard for a shipping container for lithium batteries. 86. Measurement Study of Vibration and Temperature on Aircraft ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Michigan State Janet McLaughlin, janet.mclaughlin@faa.gov Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Operations/Training Enforcement Risk Assessment Partially complete abandoned This project was designed to determine normal transportation forces during air transport.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 25 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 87. Preliminary Investigation of the Fire Hazard Inherent in Micro Fuel Cell Cartridges ---------------------------------------------------------------------- FAA Tech Center Harry Webster, Harry.Webster@faa.gov Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Operations/Training Complete 06/2010 The FAA Tech Center performed a series of tests to evaluate the flammability hazard associated with fuel cell fuel cartridges. Tests were conducted with various fuel chemistries including methanol, formic acid, butane, hydrogen gas, and borohydrides. The response of each fuel cartridge to an external alcohol fire was evaluated. 88. Flammability Assessment of Lithium-Ion and Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery Cells Designed for Aircraft Power Usage ---------------------------------------------------------------------- FAA Tech Center Steven M. Summer, Steven.Summer@faa.gov Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Operations/Training Complete 2010 Tests were performed at the FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center by the Fire Safety Team of the Airport and Aircraft Research and Development Division to examine the fire safety hazards that cylindrical- and polymer-type lithium-ion batteries may pose onboard aircraft. Tests were conducted on individual, manufacturer-supplied battery cells to determine how the cells would react in a fire situation, as well as what potential fire hazard the battery cells themselves may pose and the effectiveness of a typical hand held extinguisher on a fire involving the battery cells. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) 89. Cargo Tank Research ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Paul Bomgardner, paul.bomgardner@dot.gov Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Operations/Training Risk Assessment Planned FMCSA intends to conduct continued research into cargo tank safety, including examination of the benefits of the outreach conducted through the recently released video. 90. Causes of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Nurse Tanks ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Iowa State Paul Bomgardner, paul.bomgardner@dot.gov Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Risk Assessment In progress nearly complete This project is looking at the causes of stress corrosion cracks in nurse tanks.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 26 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 91. Evaluation of Hazmat Safety Permit Program ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Booz Allen Hamilton Paul Bomgardner, paul.bomgardner@dot.gov Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Operations/Training Enforcement Risk Assessment Complete 2009 This project is examining the strengths and weaknesses of the program and where it could be improved. 92. Pinhole Leaks in Welds of Nurse Tanks ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Iowa State Paul Bomgardner, paul.bomgardner@dot.gov Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Risk Assessment In progress late 2012 This project is looking at the causes of pinhole leaks in nurse tanks and whether they currently present an imminent hazard. Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) 93. Hazmat Risk Assessment ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ICF Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress March 2012 Develop a rail hazmat transportation risk model and associated risk metrics. Tasks: 1.-Estimate base case (2008) rail hazmat transportation risk. 2.-Estimate risk reduction after implementation of safety requirements enacted in 2008/9, individually and in combination 3.-Identify and evaluate further opportunities for risk reduction 94. Post Accident Investigation ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RA/TTCI Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training In progress December 2012 Develop an improved data acquisition for better understanding of accidents. Acquire samples of tank cars involved in accidents. 95. Loading/Unloading Ethanol, reducing NAR ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RFA Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training In progress March 2012 Develop a better loading and unloading procedures for the transportation of Ethanol in tank cars. 96. Liquid Flow Test for Valves ---------------------------------------------------------------------- CEESI Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress March 2012 Determine the liquid flow coefficient of different pressure relief valves to use in fire models.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 27 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 97. Stub Sills ---------------------------------------------------------------------- VOLPE/Sharma and Associates Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress December 2012 Investigate several failures of stub sills. 98. Evaluation of Different Impactors on Different Tank Car Designs ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ARA Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress May 2012 The purpose of this task is to evaluate the puncture behaviors of tanks under a more general range of impact conditions and will help to better understand the damaged caused by the different impactors on different tank cars and should provide us with conclusions/recommendations for performance tests for tank head and shell for each impactor. 99. Loading/Unloading of Molten Sulphur - best practices to reduce spills ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The Sulphur Institute Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training In progress December 2012 The FRA wants to work with The Sulphur Institute and with industry to reduce these occurrences of solid sulphur residue on molten sulphur rail tank cars. 100. Deformation Behavior of Welded Steel Sandwich Panels under Quasi-Static Loading ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov http://www.fra.dot.gov/rpd/downloads/TR_Deform ation_Behavior_of_Welded_Steel_final.pdf Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress December 2012 This project involves engineering studies that were conducted to examine the deformation behavior of flat, welded steel sandwich panels under two quasi- static loading conditions: (1) uniaxial compression; and (2) bending with an indenter. Testing and analysis were conducted to study the force- displacement response of sandwich structures with different core geometries: (1) pipe or tubular cores with outer diameters equal to 2, 3, and 5 in; (2) a 2- inch square diamond core; and (3) a double corrugated core called an X-core with a 5-inch core height. Deformation and local collapse modes of sandwich panels under these loading conditions were also studied. The previous phase ended in March 2011 and a follow-on project is in progress.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 28 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 101. Survivability of Railroad Tank Car Top Fittings in Rollover Scenario Derailments - Phase 2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Sharma & Associates, Inc. Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov http://www.fra.dot.gov/downloads/Research/ord09 20.pdf Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress December 2013 Phase 2 of this project is a continuation from Phase 1 and investigates the survivability of railroad tank car top fittings in rollover scenarios using Failure Element Analysis techniques. It also explores additional protective concepts intended to survive more severe impacts than those of the Phase 1 study. Three new protective concepts, a roll bar assembly using an elliptical shape to allow the car to roll with little resistance, a fabricated deflective skid, and recessed fittings, are developed and analyzed. A scenario is simulated for the new concepts, which includes longitudinal car velocity and impact into a concrete barrier. The previous phase ended in October 2009 and a follow-on project is in progress. 102. Quantitative Nondestructive Testing of Railroad Tank Cars Using the Probability of Detection Evaluation Approach ---------------------------------------------------------------------- TTCI Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov http://www.fra.dot.gov/downloads/Research/ord09 10.pdf Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress December 2012 The project performed a joint government/industry evaluation of possible replacement tests/inspections for the prescribed hydrostatic test/visual inspection of tank cars. The work involved evaluating non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques and determining how such techniques can best be applied for periodic testing and inspection of all tank cars that transport hazardous materials. A baseline was established to compare methods and evaluations were performed at the TTCI, Pueblo, Colorado. The previous phase ended in May 2009 and a follow-on project is in progress. 103. Over-the-Road Testing of the Instrumented Tank Car - A Load Environment Study ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ENSCO, Inc. Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov http://www.fra.dot.gov/downloads/Research/DOT- FR-09-10enscofg3sept25.pdf Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training Packaging In progress December 2012 The objective is to better understand the operational environment and forces exerted on tank cars in over-the-road service using methods based on results from the initial efforts conducted during Phase II of the Tank Car Operating Environment Task Force (TCOE-TF)/Stub Sill Working Group (SSWG) research program. The previous phase ended in March 2011 and a follow-on project is in progress.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 29 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 104. Engineering Studies on Structural Integrity of Railroad Tank Cars Under Accident Loading Conditions ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov http://www.fra.dot.gov/downloads/Research/ord09 18.pdf Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress December 2012 This project involves engineering studies entailing analysis and testing, which include (1) analysis of derailment dynamics based on lumped-parameter models, (2) analysis of the structural behavior of tank car components (such as the head and shell) based on finite element modeling, (3) tank car steels characterization based on laboratory testing of samples obtained from tank cars. The previous phase ended in October 2009 and a follow-on project is in progress. 105. Torsional Stiffness of Railroad Coupler Connections ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Sharma & Associates, Inc. Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov http://www.fra.dot.gov/rpd/downloads/TR_Torsion _REPORT_final.pdf Safety --------------------------------- Packaging Complete November 2010 This project investigated the torsional behavior of freight car coupler connections through analysis and test. Tests included the following coupler combinations: no-shelf to no-shelf, shelf to no-shelf, and shelf to shelf combinations in both clockwise to counterclockwise directions. Coupler specimens of each test run were mounted in a test fixture with one coupler receiving a torque application. 106. Emergency Escape Breathing Apparatus ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Technical Products, Inc. Francisco Gonzalez, francisco.gonzalez@dot.gov http://www.fra.dot.gov/downloads/Research/ord09 11.pdf Safety --------------------------------- Packaging Complete May 2009 This project developed information and recommendations relative to the use of emergency escape breathing apparatus (EEBA) by train crews who may have exposure to hazardous materials and would pose an inhalation hazard in the event of unintentional use. The research included defining the scope of the triggering criteria—the presence on trains of hazardous material that would pose an inhalation hazard in the event of unintentional release, the state of EEBA technology, the methods by which EEBAs might be provided to crews, the incidence rate of accidents with fatalities and serious injuries attributable to the inhalation of released hazardous material, and the economic issues involved with the provision of these devices to all train crew members.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 30 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) 107. Spent Fuel ---------------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.nrc.gov/about- nrc/regulatory/research/waste-rsch.html Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training Packaging Ongoing NRC research is developing the technical basis to ensure the continued safe performance and structural integrity of spent fuel transport casks during severe accidents. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Center for Transportation Analysis (CTA) 108. GeoSAT: GeoSecurity Analysis Tool ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Pat Hu, hups@ornl.gov, (865)946-1525 http://www- cta.ornl.gov/cta/One_Pagers/GeoSAT.pdf Safety Security --------------------------------- Emergency Response Risk Assessment Routing Technology In progress GeoSAT is a geospatial information-based risk analysis tool that allows security managers and first responders to assess risk and prepare for emergency responses for natural disasters or acts of terrorism. It can also be used by first responders to assess the initial impacts of a transportation security incident. GeoSAT focuses on transportation and other critical infrastructure systems within high- threat urban areas. 109. Rail Cargo Screening Simulation Modeling and Analysis ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Rekha Pillai, pillairs@ornl.gov, (865) 576-5324 http://cta.ornl.gov/cta/One_Pagers/Rail_Cargo_Scre ening.pdf Regulatory/Enforcement Business Economic Safety Security --------------------------------- Operations/Training Technology In progress Development of simulation software for the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) that models the screening of rail cargo at US rail ports of entry. Contains three components: A secure web- based user interface, a relational database for storing system and model level data, and the simulation software itself. The software will help DNDO to Develop a system to detect hazardous (nuclear, radiological, and narcotics) material entering US by freight railroads, minimize the adverse effects on the supply chain due to rail cargo screening processes, investigate the impacts of given screening technologies with respect to performance and reliability characteristics, and investigate rail screening resource utilization, e.g. staff and equipment.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 31 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 110. Readiness and Resiliency Assessment ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Rekha Pillai, pillairs@ornl.gov, (865) 576-5324 http://cta.ornl.gov/cta/One_Pagers/RRAS.pdf Regulatory/Enforcement Business Economic Safety Security --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress Systematic characterization of transportation system facilities, systems, and its security, and facilitates the transition of existing transportation systems to one that is more secure, structurally sound, can absorb attacks without major damage, respond to attach and with abilities to recover quickly from an attack. RRAS assesses security readiness of an individual transportation asset or group of assets (system—mode, asset type, supply chain, state, national, operators, etc.) and transportation system services based on security measures, technology, people, training, etc. and threats at different scope, duration, magnitude, and severity. The RRAS can also be used to assess threats, vulnerabilities, and protective measures (i) allocate scarce resources, (ii) dynamically measure the current readiness and resiliency level leading to effective response, containment of and rapid recovery from threats, and (iii) help transition to a reliable and low risk transportation system.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 32 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 111. Tracking Barges Carrying Hazardous Cargo: Detecting Anomalies and Predicting Risky Situations ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ORNL CTA and Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University Mike Hilliard, hilliardMR@ornl.gov, (865) 576-5337 http://www- cta.ornl.gov/cta/One_Pagers/BargeTracking.pdf Safety Security --------------------------------- Operations/Training Emergency Response Risk Assessment Technology In progress In response to increased terrorist threats related to hazardous material movements on the U.S. inland waterway system, towing vessel operators and fleet area managers, at specified reporting points, are required to notify the U.S. Coast Guard's Inland River Vessel Movement Center (IRVMC) of the movement of barges loaded with certain dangerous cargo (CDC). Less than 100 shipments of these types occur daily, but each is extremely large (avg. > 2200 tons). Any incident could have extreme consequences. Tracking is not done continuously or consistently, no means for identifying strange activity or predicting high risk areas. The objective of this study is to develop and field test a prototype system that provides more accurate, uniform, and timely data on hazardous movements by barges, especially those certified as CDC, and to identify and report barges with potential security threats. The system being developed, namely TRACC, is expected to automatically track and monitor barges with CDC and communicate the real-time information to a data server. The event prediction and anomaly detection modules of the system will analyze the collected real-time data and other information to identify any potential security threats, and visually display locations and routes of suspicious barges. It will benefit homeland security community, first responders, local law enforcement personnel and business by providing timely and accurate barge information to make quick and right decisions in disasters involving CDC movement on the inland waterway.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 33 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 112. Regional Technology Integration Initiative ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ORNL CTA Oscar Franzese, (865) 946-1304, franzeseo@ornl.gov http://cta.ornl.gov/cta/One_Pagers/Trans_DHS_RTI. pdf Safety Security --------------------------------- Emergency Response Technology In progress A pilot program for facilitating the transition of innovative technologies and organizational concepts to regional, state, and local jurisdictions. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) Office of Hazardous Materials Safety 113. Cargo Tank Rollovers ---------------------------------------------------------------------- James Simmons, james.simmons@dot.gov Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Risk Assessment Planned This planned research area will explore what can be done to the entire vehicle system to improve stability, in addition to driver training. This work is in concert with NHTSA and FMCSA. 114. Composite Cylinder Life-Cycle In-Service Assessment ---------------------------------------------------------------------- WavesinSolids LLC Thomas R. Hay, 814-237-1031 Safety --------------------------------- Packaging Risk Assessment SBIR Phase I Recommendation Not awarded This project will support the SBIR problem to enhance in-service testing of composite cylinders. 115. Energetic Hazardous Materials Research ---------------------------------------------------------------------- James Simmons, james.simmons@dot.gov Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Risk Assessment Planned This planned research area will focus on better ways to package and transport lithium batteries and high- energy capacitors.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 34 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 116. Examination of HM Portable Tanks within Transportation System ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Volpe contractor James Simmons, james.simmons@dot.gov http://www.volpe.dot.gov/sbir/sol11_2/topics.html #Pipeline Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Planned This research will examine the forces and stress on portable tanks throughout the transportation system and assist the modes of transportation to determine what effects may occur during loading and unloading from mode to mode. In addition, what conditions the HM packages will experience while it is in control of that specific mode of responsibility. This research will in turn provide DOT with a means to improve the modal regulations, evaluate current test and inspection methods, and collect shipping experiences of these HM package characteristics in an intermodal freight environment. 117. Feasibility of Implementing Electronic Shipping Papers ---------------------------------------------------------------------- James Simmons, james.simmons@dot.gov Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Operations/Training Enforcement Emergency Response Risk Assessment Planned This planned research area will continue the work of HM-05 and PHMSA's HM-ACCESS program. 118. Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program (HMCRP) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Transportation Research Board (TRB) James Simmons, james.simmons@dot.gov http://www.trb.org/HMCRP/Public/HMCRPOvervie w.aspx Safety Security Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Emergency Response Enforcement Risk Assessment Operations/Training In progress Waiting for authorization for future beyond March 2012 The HMCRP is intended to complement other U.S. DOT research programs as a stakeholder-driven, problem-solving program, researching real-world, day-to-day operational issues with near- to mid- term time frames. The TRB will carry out applied research projects to improve the information used in managing risk associated with the transportation of hazardous materials. Using the funding provided by the U.S. DOT each year, this new program will conduct studies intended to advance current knowledge and practice relating to hazardous materials transportation.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 35 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 119. Long-Term Behavior, Failure Analysis & In- Service Testing of Composite Cylinders ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Texas Research Institute Austin, Inc. George P. Hansen, 512-263-2101 Safety --------------------------------- Packaging Risk Assessment SBIR Phase I Recommendation Not awarded This project will support the SBIR problem to enhance in-service testing of composite cylinders. 120. Research and Development Program Plan Development ---------------------------------------------------------------------- James Simmons, james.simmons@dot.gov PHMSA website when approved Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Emergency Response Enforcement Risk Assessment Operations/Training In progress Summer FY11 The Office of Hazardous Materials Safety is developing a R&D Program Plan for the first time. This effort is breaking down research needs into different areas, including package integrity, human factors, analysis of risk, risk management and communication, and mitigation of emerging risks. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) Office of Pipeline Safety 121. Acoustic-based Technology to Detect Buried Pipes ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Operations Technology Development NFP Frank Licari, Frank.Licari@dot.gov, (202) 366-5162 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=365 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology In progress 07/2011 The main objective is to improve performance of the current acoustic locator to detect multiple buried pipes, integrate components into a pre-commercial device, and test at gas utility sites.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 36 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 122. Advanced Development of PipeGuard Proactive Pipeline Damage Prevention System ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Northeast Gas Association James Merritt, james.merritt@dot.gov, (303) 638- 4758 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=364 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology In progress 03/2012 The objective is to develop a pre-commercial proactive in-ground warning system that uses advanced security technology to warn against encroachment to transmission and DISTRIBUTION lines. This project directly addresses the Threat Prevention category of the BAA in the area of localized and early warning damage prevention monitoring. PipeGuard™, developed and marketed by Senstar, is an acoustic/geophone-based system designed to provide an early warning to operators when an excavating event occurs in the vicinity of a buried pipeline. An improved PipeGuard™ system will meet distribution company needs for remotely monitoring critical pipelines sections. This will enable gas companies to reduce or eliminate the need for certain physical on-site surveys and improve overall pipeline safety by mitigating pipeline damages. 123. Advanced Learning Algorithms for the Proactive Infrasonic Pipeline Evaluation Network (PIGPEN) Pipeline Encroachment Warning System ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Physical Sciences Inc. James Merritt, james.merritt@dot.gov, (303) 638- 4758 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=366 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology In progress 03/2012 This research will advance development of self- training algorithms supporting seismic sensor systems that provide real-time warning of unauthorized right-of-way encroachment and excavation activity near a pipeline. The outcome will enable the sensor system to optimize its intruder detection algorithms based on learned characteristics of its local environment. Field tests are expected to demonstrate better than 97% alarm reliability with few alarms.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 37 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 124. Compatibility of Non-Ferrous Metals with Ethanol ---------------------------------------------------------------------- DNV Columbus Joseph Mataich, joseph.mataich@dot.gov, (404) 832-1159 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=322 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Packaging In progress 04/2011 Pipeline transportation of fuel grade ethanol (FGE) is vital to the cost-effective delivery of this fuel to the end users. While the potential for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of steel in the presence of ethanol is one of the main concerns in the transportation of FGE, the compatibility of non-ferrous metals found in pipeline and downstream systems also is an area of concern. Previous studies have addressed the compatibility of some non-ferrous metals with ethanol and other alcohols but a comprehensive assessment of this issue, with respect to ethanol transportation, has not been conducted. This research project aims to develop guidelines on the selection of non-ferrous metal for use in FGE. The major benefit of the project is the development of comprehensive guidelines that could be used to develop ethanol transportation standards. 125. Completion of Development of Robotics Systems for Inspecting Unpiggable Transmission Pipelines ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Northeast Gas Association Robert Burrough, robert.burrough@dot.gov, (609) 989-2171 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=353 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology In progress 12/2012 The main objective is to complete the development of the Explorer II and TIGRE robotics systems for inspecting unpiggable transmission pipelines. In response to the field demonstration program that industry and DOT/PHMSA have with the commercial partner, design enhancements and additional demonstrations have been identified as needing R & D funding support by industry and government to ensure timely introduction of a reliable and economically-viable and unique product for addressing unpiggable pipelines. The work will complete the development and field demonstrations of these two systems and allow for successful commercialization.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 38 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 126. Consolidated Research Program, Right of Way Automated Monitoring Threat Prevention ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Electricore, Inc. Randy Berthold, randall.w.berthold@nasa.gov, (650) 604-3408 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=389 Safety Security --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology In progress 03/2014 Develop a new generation of surveillance management systems by delivering a step-change improvement in the proactive prevention of threats to pipelines. Technologies developed will be used for the detection, identification, and communication of threats and vulnerabilities to underground pipeline infrastructure. The program will develop an integrated, autonomous sensor/detector system for near real-time automated detection, identification, and notification of threats and leaks. 127. Corrosion and Integrity Management of Biodiesel Pipelines ---------------------------------------------------------------------- DNV Columbus Robert Smith, Robert.W.Smith@dot.gov, (919) 238- 4759 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=319 Safety --------------------------------- Packaging In progress 04/2014 This project combines two objectives concerning Biodiesel Pipelines. The first objective is to investigate the performance of selected corrosion inhibitors commonly used in diesel transportation and determine whether new corrosion-related issues could arise from the use of biodiesel blends above B5. The second objective is to understand and quantify the degradation of non-metallic and non- ferrous metallic pipeline components in biodiesel blends above B5.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 39 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 128. Cost-Effective Techniques for Weld Property Measurement and Technologies for Improving Weld HE and IGSCC Resistance for Alternative Fuel Pipelines ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The University of Tennessee James Merritt, james.merritt@dot.gov, (303) 638- 4758 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=323 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Operations/Training Technology In progress 04/2013 Built upon proven technologies, this proposal research aims at (i) advancing the general knowledge related to fatigue and fracture properties of pipeline steel welds subject to high- pressure hydrogen atmosphere and (ii) developing technologies for weld property improvement. The project objectives are as follows: -Apply Multiple-Notch Tensile and Spiral Notch Torsion Tests for measuring the local tensile strength and fracture toughness of weld region in high-pressure hydrogen. -Develop a cost-effective low-frequency cyclic fatigue testing technique for measuring the weld fatigue property in high-pressure hydrogen. -Develop the technical basis and database of hydrogen-induced degradation of weld mechanical properties as a function of pressure, temperature and microstructure. -Evaluate technologies for improving the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) resistance of steel welds. The technologies include (1) tailoring residual stress by overlay welds, (2) new welding consumables, and (3) friction stir welding. 129. Dent Fatigue Life Assessment - Development of Tools for Assessing the Severity and Life of Dent Features ---------------------------------------------------------------------- BMT Fleet Technology Limited James Merritt, james.merritt@dot.gov, (303) 638- 4758 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=358 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology In progress 09/2012 The objective of this research is to use elements of the previously validated dent assessment tool to develop a mechanical damage assessment strategy, validate it and ultimately develop an easily applied mechanical damage fatigue life assessment tool. The existing BMT dent assessment model will be further validated and used alongside the existing BMT plain dent geometry based severity ranking criteria to extend these criteria to consider dents interacting with welds, and to consider the effect of line pressure.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 40 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 130. Design, Development, and Testing of Optimized Composite ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Engineering Mechanics Corporation of Columbus (EMC²) James Merritt, james.merritt@dot.gov, (303) 638- 4758 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=290 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology In progress 12/2012 The development of the "Soft Crack Arrestor" validated design procedure will allow this device to be used for a wide variety of natural gas and liquid CO2‚ pipeline projects. This device will reduce the risk associated with catastrophic fracture of large- diameter natural gas or liquid CO2‚ pipelines. 131. Design, Development, and Testing of Optimized Composite ’Soft Crack Arrestors ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Engineering Mechanics Corporation of Columbus (EMC²) Dr. Gery Wilkowski, (614) 459-3200 Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging SBIR 2009 Phase II Award This project will support the SBIR problem to develop in-field pipeline inspection tools. 132. Development and Field Testing of a Highly Sensitive Mercaptans Instrument ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Northeast Gas Association Vincent Holohan, vincent.holohan@dot.gov, (202) 366-1933 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=367 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology In progress 07/2011 The main objectives are to develop and field test a new, portable low-cost instrument to measure hydrogen sulfites and mercaptans, routinely encountered in liquid propane, natural gas, renewable natural gas, biogas, landfill gas and other gases. The instrument will allow detection and measurement of such compounds at the parts per billion level addressing a long-standing need for a technology that can replace the human nose for leak detection. The instrument will also be capable of detecting trace constituents in renewable gas.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 41 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 133. Development of a Limit States Standard for Onshore Pipelines ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C-FER Technologies Robert Smith, Robert.W.Smith@dot.gov, (919) 238- 4759 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=314 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 01/2012 - Develop a Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) checks for the basic group of limit states associated with internal pressure, thermal expansion and equipment impact. This will involve the definition of appropriate reliability targets, selection of a number of test cases and calibration of the required design checks. - Develop a plan to address geotechnical loads in a subsequent project phase. This will involve investigation of available models, and data from project participants. 134. Development of a Model to Accurately Predict the Conditions of Carrier Pipe within Casings Based on Conditions at the Casing Ends ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Southwest Research Institute Steve Nanney, steve.nanney@dot.gov, (713) 272- 2855 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=355 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 09/2012 The objective of this project is to develop a general model that will allow for the prediction of conditions in the middle section of a casing based on conditions at the casing ends. This model will also be capable of predicting the conditions in the entire casing (casing ends and middle section) based on the conditions outside of the casing. The locations and levels of cathodic protection depressions at downstream and upstream locations from the casing ends can also be predicted given the conditions away from the casing. 135. Development of Damage Severity for Pipeline Steel Inspection ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Generation 2 Materials Technology LLC Angelique N. Lasseigne, 303-304-9785 Safety --------------------------------- Packaging Risk Assessment SBIR Phase I Recommendation Not awarded This project will support the SBIR problem to develop a non-destructive, quantitative residual stress assessment tool.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 42 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 136. Digital Imaging of Pipeline Mechanical Damage and Residual Stress ---------------------------------------------------------------------- JENTEK Sensors Inc. James Merritt, james.merritt@dot.gov, (303) 638- 4758 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=292 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology Complete 02/2010 This project addresses the need for a more reliable means of characterizing pipeline mechanical damage through application of digital eddy current imaging. JENTEK's patented Meandering Winding Magnetometer (MWM) arrays have demonstrated capability to use lift-off measurements to profile the surface of a dented area, while MWM-Array measured magnetic permeability can be correlated with residual stresses around and within the mechanical damage site. Successful completion of this program will result in enhanced remaining life prediction capability for pipelines suffering mechanical damage and a reliable decision support tool for pipeline owners and operators. This will enable operators to avoid overly conservative decisions while enhancing pipeline safety.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 43 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 137. Effect of Microstructure of Pipeline Steels on Ductility and Fatigue Properties in High-Pressure Hydrogen Atmosphere ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The University of Tennessee James Merritt james.merritt@dot.gov, (303)638- 4758 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=324 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 04/2013 A number of studies have been conducted in the past to understand the effect of the steel composition and microstructure on the tendency to lose ductility through hydrogen-induced embrittlement. Although some general rules have been developed to relate the properties of steels with the tendency for hydrogen embrittlement, much needs to be learned on the effect of many alloying elements on the hydrogen embrittlement in steels. The main objective is to conduct fatigue and fracture-toughness property test. Fatigue damage is typically divided into three stages: crack initiation, crack propagation and final failure. These three stages are important in determining the fatigue life of structural components. Fatigue-crack-growth-rate properties are of vital importance for the structural- reliability assessment, when a structural component is subjected to cyclic loading. Fatigue-crack propagation-rate results can be used to predict the crack-growth life of a component. 138. ERW Pipe Failure Study ---------------------------------------------------------------------- James Merritt, james.merritt@dot.gov, (303) 638- 4758 Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Enforcement Planned Study of ERW pipe failures mandated by NTSB as a result of the San Bruno explosion

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 44 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 139. Feasibility of Chemical Inhibition of Ethanol SCC ---------------------------------------------------------------------- DNV Columbus Robert Smith, Robert.W.Smith@dot.gov, (919) 238- 4759 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=321 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 10/2011 - Obtain the consensus of all stakeholders on the selection of inhibitors to be evaluated for Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) prevention and develop a general understanding of the criteria to select inhibitors acceptable to the operators and end users. This will be done through a workshop. - Evaluate the performance of selected inhibitors in long-term crack growth experiments under flowing conditions simulated by jet impingement. - develop a method to rapidly Evaluate and select SCC inhibitors for use in Fuel Grade Ethanol (FGE). 140. Fuelfinder: Remote Leak Detector for Liquid Hydrocarbons ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Physical Sciences Inc. James Merritt, james.merritt@dot.gov, (303) 638- 4758 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=362 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology In progress 09/2012 The projects main objective is to develop a portable, hand-held sensor for detection of petroleum product leaks from buried pipelines at stand-off distances up to 30 meters or about 98 feet. 141. Integrated Internal Inspection and Cleaning Tool Technology for Pipelines ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Electricore, Inc. Al Schoen, al.schoen@dot.gov, (609) 989-2239 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=356 Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training In progress 06/2013 The main objective is to develop an integrated and scalable cleaning and inspection tool that measures, records, and provides analysis of a range of parameters during conventional pipeline cleaning runs. Data collected will be used in trending and prioritization for indications of changing environments to improve integrity management through earlier response to integrity threats. The project represents step change in how the industry manages its integrity inspection program. 142. Low-Cost, Full-Field Tool for In-Ditch Deformation Measurement ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc. Marvin Klein, 424-263-6361 Safety --------------------------------- Packaging Risk Assessment SBIR Phase I Recommendation Not awarded This project is designed to study, develop and demonstrate advanced deformation measurement tools for transmission and or distribution pipelines.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 45 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 143. Low-Cost, Full-Field, Surface Profiling Tool for Mechanical Damage Evaluation ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc. James Merritt, james.merritt@dot.gov, (303) 638- 4758 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=291 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology Complete 03/2010 Mechanical damage (typically from third party excavations) is the most frequent source of leaks and ruptures in pipelines. The most common type of mechanical damage is dents, sometimes associated with secondary features such as gouges, external corrosion, or cracks. Currently used techniques for assessing dents are not accurate enough for reliable determination of fitness for service. In this project, Intelligent Optical Systems will determine the feasibility of implementing a novel surface-profiling tool for mechanical damage evaluation based on the real-time processing of a single digital image. This inexpensive, full-field approach provides the full shape of the damaged region with high accuracy, and overcomes current limitations in the assessment process. In Phase I, Intelligent Optical Systems will develop detailed proof of principles of the proposed technology, determine precision as a function of lighting and environmental conditions, and determine preliminary software and hardware designs. 144. Modeling of Microbial Induced Corrosion on Metallic Pipelines Resulting from Biomethane & the Integrity Impact of Biomethane on Non-Metallic Pipelines ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Gas Technology Institute Anthony Rallis, Anthony.rallis@dot.gov, (713) 272- 2850 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=293 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 09/2011 As biogas production sources increase, they will eventually be fed into a gathering network that allows the common collection and distribution of the fuel to processing locations followed by distribution to the end user. The main objective of this research is on the immediate need to understand the impacts of transporting various biogas blends on the integrity of non-metallic materials (thermoplastics and elastomers) that could be used to construct regional gathering networks.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 46 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 145. MWM-Array Characterization of Mechanical Damage and Corrosion ---------------------------------------------------------------------- JENTEK Sensors, Inc. James Merritt, james.merritt@dot.gov, (303) 638- 4758 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=354 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology In progress 09/2013 The objective of this program is to enhance the MWM-Array imaging capability, especially at very low frequencies, and provide quantitative characterization of mechanical damage and corrosion through coatings/insulation along with higher resolution capability with coatings removed. Delivery of a practical field deployable tool is the goal; thus, we will target specific needs defined by DOT, Chevron, BP and pipeline operators such as TransCanada. 146. New Design and Construction Techniques for Transportation of Ethanol and Ethanol/Gasoline Blends in New Pipelines ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Electricore, Inc. Chris Taylor, Chris.Taylor@dot.gov, (404) 832-1166 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=295 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 03/2012 - Develop supporting data, related analyses and recommendations for cost-effective design and construction methods for reducing the effects of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) that can be implemented in new pipeline systems to allow safe and efficient transportation of Fuel Grade Ethanol (FGE) - Evaluate design aspects for control and monitoring of oxygen uptake and internal corrosion for pipelines transporting FGE - Recommend the most advantageous direction for expanded and improved pipeline design and testing standards for operations involving exposure to FGE 147. Odorant Effectiveness ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Gas Technology Institute Joseph Sieve, joseph.sieve@dot.gov, (202) 366-5064 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=363 Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training In progress 03/2012 Gas Technology Institute's (GTI) objective of the project is to provide a "Practical Pipeline Operator Guide" to manage odor fade issues associated with typical gas system operating conditions and materials of construction. This will include a tested model and methodology to validate additional combinations of gas, system, and material scenarios as they become available in the future.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 47 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 148. Optimization of Multi-Wire GMAW Welding Procedure for Heavy-Wall Offshore Pipeline Construction ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Center For Reliable Energy Systems Robert Smith, Robert.W.Smith@dot.gov, (919) 238- 4759 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=360 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology In progress 09/2012 The proposed work will perform research for the optimization of welding processes for heavy-wall applications, address key technological issues in multi-wire GMAW processes, and fill important gaps in welding practice for offshore pipeline construction. The objectives are to 1) conduct quality evaluation of girth welds made with multi- wire Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) processes, 2) establish correlations between welding conditions and girth weld properties, and 3) assist the implementation of new knowledge base and guideline for welding practice in offshore high- strength pipeline construction.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 48 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 149. Performance Evaluation of High-Strength Steel Pipelines for High-Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen Transportation ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Center For Reliable Energy Systems James Merritt, james.merritt@dot.gov, (303) 638- 4758 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=294 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 09/2011 The project addresses the most critical issues related to the safe and efficient transportation of hydrogen using pipelines. The impact of high- pressure hydrogen on the fatigue behavior of commonly used line pipe steels will be studied systematically by conducting fatigue tests and developing a mechanistic-based analysis model/procedure to correlate and predict the test results. The testing system can greatly accelerate the time-consuming fatigue tests and the analysis model can provide critical inputs to the test matrix design and data interpretation. The combination of the test data and analytical procedure will enable a better understanding of the hydrogen effects on the materials proposed for hydrogen transportation. The project objectives are to: 1) develop a multi- specimen, high-pressure fatigue system that can test multiple specimens at the same time, 2) conduct fatigue tests on well-selected practical pipeline materials, 3) review and identify the physical mechanisms responsible for hydrogen damage to line pipe from available test data, develop a mechanistic-based model, 4) develop mechanistic-based model and use the model to correlate test data, and 5) provide recommendations for code revisions for hydrogen pipelines.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 49 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 150. Pig Mounted Trials for Internal Corrosion Monitoring Fluidized Sensors ---------------------------------------------------------------------- DNV Columbus Juan Mendoza, juan.a.mendoza@dot.gov, (713)272- 2824 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=277 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Technology In progress 10/2010 Because of the successful development of a low- cost, easy to use, prototype fluidized sensor system that is capable of locating areas of water accumulation and internal corrosion in both piggable and non-piggable lines, field trials in operating pipelines is the next crucial step in refining the sensor and obtaining industry and regulator acceptance and adoption. Since this methodology has the potential to significantly reduce the discovery time and cost of detecting internal corrosion as compared to the use of existing expensive inspection techniques for identifying internal corrosion sites, keen interest has been expressed by numerous pipeline operating companies to conduct field trials. The objective of this project is to build upon a soon to be completed PHMSA project that developed the prototype system by conducting a series of validation field trials. 151. Quality Management Systems for Pipelines ---------------------------------------------------------------------- DNV Columbus Kenneth Lee, kenneth.lee@dot.gov http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=357 Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training In progress 03/2013 The project has two principal objectives: 1) to develop general guidelines for a Quality Management Systems (QMS) for pipeline projects (from design to commissioning) to ensure consistent and acceptable quality; and 2) to develop enhanced QMS guidelines that provide assurance of pipeline safety and integrity without having a pre-service hydrotest.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 50 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 152. Realistic Strain Capacity Models for Pipeline Construction and Maintenance ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Center For Reliable Energy Systems Steve Nanney, steve.nanney@dot.gov, (713) 272- 2855 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=361 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 09/2012 This work builds up the latest developments in compressive and tensile strain capacity models and extends these models to realistic design and application scenarios. There are two major components (1) development of a unified SBD methodology in which the compressive and tensile strain limit states can be analyzed in a consistent manner, and (2) refinement of existing compressive models to the same level of sophistication and consistency as the tensile strain models. Both new pipeline construction and maintenance of existing pipelines will benefit from the output of this work. 153. Selection of Pipe Repair Methods ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Operations Technology Development NFP Christian Sellu, christian.sellu@dot.gov, (609) 989- 2177 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=359 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 03/2013 Perform Long-term pressure and shear strength tests on composite repair materials. Evaluate their durability in lab degradation tests, and determine long-term cathodic disbondment. Communicate with material manufacturers and work with ASME Sub-Committee PCC-2 on Non-Metallic Composite Repair System to establish comprehensive evaluation tests and procedures for long-term performance of composite repairs. 154. Setting Safe Limits on Biodiesel Constituents for Pipeline Integrity ---------------------------------------------------------------------- DNV Columbus Robert Smith, Robert.W.Smith@dot.gov, (919) 238- 4759 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=352 Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 09/2012 The objectives of this work are to: (1) understand the effects of minor constituents beyond the ASTM D 6751 on corrosivity of biodiesel under pipeline- specific conditions, (2) develop safe limits for any deleterious constituents in biodiesel, and (3) develop a method to rapidly monitor biodiesel corrosivity in terms of any deleterious effect on pipeline integrity. 155. Stress and Geometry Imaging from Outside the Pipeline ---------------------------------------------------------------------- JENTEK Sensors Inc. Todd Dunford, 781-642-9666 Safety --------------------------------- Packaging Risk Assessment SBIR Phase I Recommendation Not awarded This project will support the SBIR problem to develop a non-destructive, quantitative residual stress assessment tool.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 51 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 156. Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipeline Steels in Fuel Grade Ethanol and Blends ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Georgia Tech Research Corporation Greg Hindman, gregory.c.hindman@dot.gov, (404) 562-3530 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=296 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 09/2012 - Develop and evaluate standardized tests for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of pipeline steel in ethanol to compliment the slow strain rate tests used in the initial research programs. These standard tests should be reproducible and also be representative of the operating conditions for pipelines - Develop a phenomenological understanding of stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steel in fuel grade ethanol (FGE) and FGE blends and develop mitigation strategies, including the use of naturally occurring inhibitors, against stress corrosion cracking and corrosion of pipeline steels. 157. Technical and Economic Feasibility of Preventing SCC through Control of Oxygen ---------------------------------------------------------------------- DNV Columbus James Merritt, james.merritt@dot.gov, (303) 638- 4758 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=320 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 10/2011 1.Evaluate the performance and efficacy of oxygen scavengers under flowing conditions; 2.Develop a model to calculate the oxygen consumption in the pipeline under flowing conditions; this model will also enable the evaluation of the pipeline length affected by oxygen; 3.Develop a system that can provide rapid and direct oxygen concentration measurement; 4.Perform an engineering and economic feasibility evaluation of preventing stress corrosion cracking (SCC) by the control of oxygen and provide recommendations; 158. Landfill and Wastewater Treatment Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Chemical and Physical Profiling: Increasing the Database Set ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Gas Technology Institute Robert Smith, Robert.W.Smith@dot.gov, (919) 238- 4759 http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/matrix/PrjHome.rdm? prj=351 Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training Risk Assessment In progress 3/31/2012 The objective is to increase the knowledge in chemical and physical characterization of landfill and wastewater treatment biomethane (renewable natural gas) through an expanded sampling and analysis program. Data will be used to augment the existing database constructed through a PHMSA project and further refine the associated Guidance Document. The existing database is limited and focus on trace constituents is of most interest, to assist with studies on odorant fade or instrumentation development.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 52 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description GENERAL HAZMAT Council on the Safe Transportation of Hazardous Articles (COSTHA) 159. Enhancing the Image ---------------------------------------------------------------------- COSTHA Lara Currie, lara@costha.com http://www.costha.com/initiatives/enhancing-the- image/ Business Economic Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- General Policy In progress Broad-scope initiative to elevate hazmat professionals within the business community, develop partnerships between government entities and industry, expand professional development curriculum, improve public awareness and perception among senior industry officials, associations and regulators 160. Reverse Logistics ---------------------------------------------------------------------- COSTHA Lara Currie, lara@costha.com http://www.costha.com/initiatives/reverse-logistics- initiative/ Regulatory/Enforcement Safety Business --------------------------------- Packaging In progress Broad-scope investigation of potential standards/regulations for return shipments of hazmats from consumers or retail outlets to manufacturers INTERNATIONAL Transport Canada - Surface and Intermodal Security Directorate 161. Dangerous Goods Security Risk Assessment ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Shelley Wang, shelley.wang@tc.gc.ca, (613) 993- 5315 Security Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Complete 02/2011 Information on this completed project is still classified, but the process involved federal, provincial, and industry participation to address threat, vulnerability, and impact elements of security risk. Scope is limited to truck and rail. An unclassified version should be released in the future. 162. Developing a dangerous goods transportation policy ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Shelley Wang, shelley.wang@tc.gc.ca, (613) 993- 5315 Security Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Operations/Training In progress Security was not added to the responsibilities of Transport Canada until the Transport Dangerous Goods Act amendment in 2009. They are developing a policy that will consider both regulatory and voluntary regimes. A key consideration in their policy development is close alignment with the US approach.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 53 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description Transport Canada - Transport Dangerous Goods Directorate (TDG) 163. Assessing the Toxicity Risks of the Transport of Petroleum Sour Crude Oil ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Tagenine Alladin, tagenine.alladin@tc.gc.ca Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Material Classification Risk Assessment Packaging In progress 04/2012 The objective of this project is to gather data and establish correlations that can assist shippers with determining the inhalation toxicity of their crude oil shipments, and in turn properly classify their shipments. The tasks for this project include: determining a methodology to correlate the H2S amount in petroleum sour crude to the H2S vapors generated during transportation in highway tanks under equilibrium conditions, and perform testing under the proposed methodology; and determining the sensitivity of the correlation between H2S in sour crude and H2S in the vapor space during transportation to the varying composition of sour crude (including the presence of light and dense hydrocarbons, acidity, other volatile compounds), temperature, agitation, and viscosity. 164. BLEVE Prevention for Highway Tanks Transporting Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Propane ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Thermdyne Technologies Ltd. Barbara Di Bacco, barbara.dibacco@tc.gc.ca Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging Risk Assessment Complete 03/2010 The objective of this project is to identify and determine the benefits and costs of selected measures to reduce the risk of fire-induced rupture of highway tank trucks and tank trailers used to transport LPG such as propane.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 54 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 165. Dangerous Goods Research Collection and Information Management ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Barbara Di Bacco, barbara.dibacco@tc.gc.ca; Tagenine Alladin, tagenine.alladin@tc.gc.ca Safety Knowledge Management --------------------------------- General Policy Planned - 2011-13 fiscal years TBD The results of past TDG Research work and other relevant dangerous goods studies/research (e.g. research conducted by academia, research institutes, other departments, other governments, etc.) are not readily accessible to TDG. DGs research information resources have not been clearly and logically collected, organized, and stored, making it difficult for the TDG Research staff, and TDG Directorate in general, to become informed and aware of past work. Furthermore, not all information has been stored electronically. This, in turn, makes it difficult to communicate DG research information (reports, results, recommendations, outcomes) to the interested public, stakeholders and partners and could lead to duplication of work for future projects. This project would involve information gathering (key DGs research contacts, TDG research project information/reports, DG research reports published by organizations other than TDG) and cataloguing this information for easy access. 166. Domino Effect Project - Investigation of Multiple Tank Car Rollover Derailments Related to Double Shelf Couplers and its Solutions ---------------------------------------------------------------------- National Research Council Canada - Centre for Surface Transportation Technology Barbara Di Bacco, barbara.dibacco@tc.gc.ca Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging In progress 03/2012 The objective is to examine and determine effective solutions to reduce coupler associated multiple tank car rollover derailments, and associated potential releases of dangerous goods. Deliverables include a literature review, energy analysis of the domino effect, computer simulation model, dynamic full scale testing, and project report. This is a follow-on project to one completed in 2009.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 55 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 167. Handling Dangerous Goods - Issue Brief ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Barbara Di Bacco, barbara.dibacco@tc.gc.ca; Tagenine Alladin, tagenine.alladin@tc.gc.ca Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Risk Assessment General Policy Planned - 2011-12 fiscal year TBD Drafting an "issue brief" that clearly defines "handling" of DGs and provides an overview of existing research and risk analysis work, the risks involved with handling DGs, including (where possible) significant accidents and their causes, processes/equipment of highest concern, applicable regulations, any knowledge gaps, and recommendations on areas that could benefit from further research or risk analysis work. This would involve searching, collecting and reviewing information related to the risks involved with handling DGs [i.e. existing research/risk analysis work completed in Canada or by other countries, available accident information (US and Canada), investigation reports, etc.], and a review of standards/regulations/codes of practice that apply to handling DG in Canada and where authority lies. 168. Highway Tank Vent and Burn Project - Emergency Offloading of LPG Containers Using the Vent and Burn Technique ---------------------------------------------------------------------- A.M. Birk Engineering, Explosives Limited, Orica Canada, Economy Carriers Barbara Di Bacco, barbara.dibacco@tc.gc.ca Safety --------------------------------- Emergency Response Complete 11/2010 The objective is to develop a capability and procedure for using the Vent and Burn emergency product removal technique in highway tanker accidents when the threat of imminent catastrophic tank failure exists and alternatives to deal with the contents are not available. Deliverables include awareness video and separate technical document. (Project partner: Liquefied Petroleum Gas Emergency Response Corporation) 169. Investigation of Multiple Tank Car Rollover Derailments Related to Double Shelf Couplers and its Solutions ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Centre for Surface Transportation Technology of National Research Council Canada Barbara Di Bacco, barbara.dibacco@tc.gc.ca; Tagenine Alladin, tagenine.alladin@tc.gc.ca Safety --------------------------------- Packaging Complete 03/2009 Investigation of multiple tank car rollover derailments related to double shelf couplers and its solutions.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 56 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 170. Next Generation Tank-Car Project - Heat and Mass Transfer Model for Polyurethane Foams used for Rail Tank Car Thermal Protection ---------------------------------------------------------------------- A.M. Birk Engineering Barbara Di Bacco, barbara.dibacco@tc.gc.ca Regulatory/Enforcement Safety --------------------------------- Packaging Complete 03/2009 Determine the thermal behavior of multi layered foam and steel jacket systems and compare against Federal fire test requirements for thermal protection. 171. Research and risk analysis of the transport of foreign specification cylinders removed from ships for refilling in Canada ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Tagenine Alladin, tagenine.alladin@tc.gc.ca Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Risk Assessment In progress 04/2012 The objective of this project is to develop a fact base to support policy on the transport and refilling of non-TC compliant cylinders that are considered an integral part of a ship operating in Canada. This includes: a review of current regulatory requirements (in Canada and other jurisdictions) applicable to the transport of foreign cylinders considered integral to a means of transport (when removed from the means of transport for retesting and filling); a risk analysis using available data. 172. Review of Existing Dangerous Goods Transportation Research, Experts List, and Identification of Future Needs ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Barbara Di Bacco, barbara.dibacco@tc.gc.ca; Tagenine Alladin, tagenine.alladin@tc.gc.ca Safety --------------------------------- General Policy Planned - 2011-13 fiscal years TBD The objective of this research will be to review the collected research in the field of transportation of dangerous goods (see Project "Dangerous Goods Research Collection and Information Management"), identify knowledge gaps and the future research needs for the TDG Research Division, and develop a network/listing of experts in this field.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 57 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 173. Tank Car Emissivity Project - Study the Thermal Emissivity and the Absorptivity of Rolled Tank Car Steel Plates and Liquid Propane When Involved in a Fire ---------------------------------------------------------------------- National Research Council Canada - Institute for Research in Construction Barbara Di Bacco, barbara.dibacco@tc.gc.ca Safety Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Packaging In progress 04/2011 Project goal is to perform research and tests to gather data on the thermal emissivity and absorptivity of steel, liquid propane and other dangerous goods when involved in a fire situation. It is hoped to obtain a better understanding of the models and parameters to be used in programs such as AFFTAC when describing the heat transfer phenomena taking place in the vapor space of a tank car during a fire. Phase 1 concentrated on measuring LPG tank and jacket steel emissivity. Phase 2 involves validating the results of Phase 1 and measuring tank and jacket steel emissivity at elevated temperatures. INTERNATIONAL/ACADEMIC Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation (CIRRELT) 174. A bi-level representational model of hazardous material supply chains ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Nathalie De Marcellis-Warin, Nathalie.DeMarcellis- Warin@cirrelt.ca, (514) 340-4711 Economic Business --------------------------------- Operations/Training Risk Assessment Complete 2010 Proposal of the use of new graphical tools into transportation models to improve the representation of hazardous material supply chains, enabling the visual inspection of physical and contractual flows simultaneously and highlighting the responsibility interactions and risk transfers among the numerous stakeholders involved: producers, carriers, storage enterprises, intermediaries, and consumers. 175. A lead-time approach to rail-truck intermodal transportation of dangerous goods ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Manish Verma, Manish.Verma@cirrelt.ca, (709) 737-6230 Business --------------------------------- Operations/Training Complete 2010 The development of an analytical framework for planning rail–truck intermodal transportation of hazmats. A bi-objective optimization model to plan and manage intermodal shipments is developed. To represent the current practice, the routing decisions in the model are driven by the delivery-times specified by the customers. An iterative decomposition based solution methodology which takes advantage of the problem structure is provided.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 58 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description 176. A Tactical Planning Model for Railroad Transportation of Dangerous Goods ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Manish Verma, Manish.Verma@cirrelt.ca, (709) 737-6230 Business Economic Safety --------------------------------- Routing Risk Assessment Complete 2010 Development of an optimization methodology for the railroad tactical planning problem with risk and cost objectives. 177. Cross-analysis of hazmat road accidents using multiple databases ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Martin Trépanier, Martin.Trepanier@cirrelt.ca, (514) 343-6111 Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Complete 2009 Cross-analysis of multiple accident databases to support hazmat accident analysis. 178. Safety management in hazardous materials logistics ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Marie-Hélène Leroux, Marie- Helene.Leroux@cirrelt.ca, (514) 340-5121 Business Economic Safety Security --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Operations/Training Routing Complete 2010 A survey of firms that handle hazmat about their practices for hazmat transportation routing, highlighting disparity in safety and security management between on-site vs. transportation and large firms vs. small firms. 179. Toll policies for mitigating hazardous materials transport risk ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Patrice Marcotte, Patrice.Marcotte@cirrelt.ca, (514) 343-5941 Regulatory/Enforcement Economic Safety --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Routing Complete 2009 Investigation of toll setting as a policy tool to regulate the use of roads for dangerous goods shipments. Includes comparative analysis of proposed mathematical models that shows that toll policies can be more effective than the popular network design policies that identify road segments to be closed for vehicles carrying hazardous materials.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 59 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description SHIPPERS Center for Chemical Process Safety 180. Definitions for Inherently Safer Technology in Production, Transportation, Storage and Use ---------------------------------------------------------------------- George R. Famini, George.famini@dhs.gov Regulatory/Enforcement Safety Security --------------------------------- Operations/Training Packaging Complete 2010 Study for DHS to provide a technically based definition of inherently safer technology (IST) involving literature review and expert opinion. Chlorine Institute 181. Chlorine Industry Liquid Pumping Methods ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Bruce Fleming, bafleming@olin.com, (423) 336-4120 http://www.chlorineinstitute.org/files/PDFs/2009- 04-01%20cep%20pumping%20method.pdf Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training Complete 2009 Verification of methods for pumping chlorine from a breached car to a receiving container DuPont 182. GPS Hazmat Shipment Tracking ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Gary Fraze, (302) 992-3381, gary.e.fraze@usa.dupont.com Safety Security --------------------------------- Operations/Training Technology In progress Investigation of the use of real-time GPS tracking of rail-based hazmat shipments. Pilot project to allow the weighing of pros and cons of real-time GPS tracking vs. standard AEI-reader tracking. 183. Ride-Tight ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Gary Fraze, (302) 992-3381, gary.e.fraze@usa.dupont.com DuPont/VSP Technologies http://vsptechnologies.com/core-industries/ride- tight/ Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training Packaging In progress Development of best practices to reduce leaks and improve securement of liquid hazmats. Includes a focus on the standardization of gaskets and procedures for their use, such as standardization of bolts and torque, maintenance, training, etc. 184. Standardized Program for Loading and Unloading Operator Training and Certification ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Gary Fraze, (302) 992-3381, gary.e.fraze@usa.dupont.com Safety --------------------------------- Operations/Training In progress Development of a standardized program for loading and unloading operator training/certification.

Current Hazardous Materials Transportation Research and Future Needs April 17, 2012 60 Organization & Project Title ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Research Entity, Point of Contact, & Online Info. Context Area(s) --------------------------------- Subject Area(s) Status & Completion Date Project Description Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME) 185. Continuous development of standards and best practices ---------------------------------------------------------------------- SLT Express Way Mike Norton, xway.mike.norton@gmail.com, (602) 722-8686 Business Safety Security --------------------------------- Operations/Training Risk Assessments In progress Continuous development of standards and best practices, particularly with regard to risk assessments. 186. Shipment and Truck Tracking ---------------------------------------------------------------------- SLT Express Way Mike Norton, xway.mike.norton@gmail.com, (602) 722-8686. Safety Security --------------------------------- Operations/Training Technology In progress Tracking of shipments and trucks from origin to destination in response to the 23 action items from DHS. Exploring how to broadcast from the tractor "security-hardened communications" and do so in a way that allows the technology to be globally applicable, not just in the continental US. 187. Institute of Makers of Explosives Safety Analysis for Risk (IMESAFR) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- IME/APT Research Lon Santis, ldsantis@ime.org http://www.apt- research.com/products/models/IMESAFR.html Regulatory/Enforcement Business Economic Safety Security --------------------------------- Risk Assessment Operations/Training In progress Development of a Department of Defense (DOD) risk assessment methodology into a software tool for commercial explosives handlers. STATE National Conference of State Legislatures 188. Alliance for Uniform Hazmat Transportation Procedures ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Battelle Jim Reed, jim.reed@ncsl.org, (303) 856-1510 http://www.ncsl.org/?tabid=18882 Regulatory/Enforcement --------------------------------- Operations/Training Complete 09/2009 Study of the benefits and costs to member states of membership in the Alliance, identify case for new states to join, and examine obstacles to expansion. The study established a safety benchmark for the performance of carriers in Alliance states compared to those in non-Alliance states.