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ii LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1. Effects on Crashes of Road Narrowing and Curb Extensions at Intersections...........7 TABLE 2. Effects on Crashes of Raised Pedestrian Crossings at Intersections). ........................7 TABLE 3. Crash Effects of Providing Sodium Floodlights at Pedestrian Crossings (Perth, Australia).....................................................................................................................8 TABLE 4. Effects of Crosswalk Illumination on Pedestrian Crashes (Israel) ...........................8 TABLE 5. Effects on Injury Crashes of Raised Pedestrian Crosswalks ....................................15 TABLE 6. Comparison of Crashes Before and After Installation of Pedestrian Overpasses (Tokyo, Japan) ..........................................................................................................15 TABLE 7. Pedestrian Safety Adjustment Factors for Intersections ...........................................19 TABLE 8. Pedestrian Safety Adjustment Factors for Roadway Segments in Urban and Suburban Areas.........................................................................................................21 TABLE 9. Land Use Variables Associated With Pedestrian Crash Risk. ..................................26 TABLE 10. Summary of Available Data Elements for Signalized Intersections in Toronto and Charlotte. ............................................................................................................30 TABLE 11. Site Characteristics Data Obtained for Roadway Segments on Urban and Suburban Arterials in Minnesota ..............................................................................33 TABLE 12. Number of Intersections, Number of Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions, and Exposure Measures for Signalized Intersections in Toronto and Charlotte. ............36 TABLE 13. Descriptive Statistics for Key Data Elements at Signalized Intersections in Toronto and Charlotte. ..............................................................................................37 TABLE 14. Number and Length of Roadway Segments, Number of Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions, and Exposure Measures for Minnesota Database...................................38 TABLE 15. Models in Various Functional Forms for Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions at Toronto Intersections. ...............................................................................................42 TABLE 16. Models for Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions at Toronto Intersections. ........................43 TABLE 17. Models for Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions at Toronto Intersections Including Term for Number of Lanes Crossed by Pedestrians. ................................................44 TABLE 18. Models in Various Functional Forms for Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions at Charlotte Intersections. .............................................................................................47 TABLE 19. Models for Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions at Charlotte Intersections. ......................48 TABLE 20. Models for Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions at Charlotte Intersections Including Term for Number of Lanes Crossed by Pedestrians. ................................................49 TABLE 21. Models for Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions From Combined Data for Toronto and Charlotte Intersections. ......................................................................................50 TABLE 22. Effects of Land Use and Demographic Variables for Charlotte Intersections Added to the 4SG Model Shown in Table 21. ..........................................................53 TABLE 23. Guidelines for Estimating Pedestrian Crossing Volumes Based on General Pedestrian Activity Levels ........................................................................................60
