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Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance (2021)

Chapter: Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26219.
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184 Appendix – Analysis Method 1 Subgroup Performance Trend Charts This appendix provides a summary of as-constructed AV influence on 24 defined subgroups. The top of each chart defines the climate, traffic and pavement structure criteria for that specific subgroup. The subgroups are divided into four climate zones, two traffic levels, and three pavement structures. The scatter plots within each chart present observed performance of LTPP sections for new construction and rehabilitation separately. X1 – Dry-Freeze Climate, Low Traffic, Thin Pavement X2 – Dry-Freeze Climate, Low Traffic, Medium Pavement X3 – Dry-Freeze Climate, Low Traffic, Thick Pavement X4 – Dry-Freeze Climate, High Traffic, Thin Pavement X5 – Dry-Freeze Climate, High Traffic, Medium Pavement X6 – Dry-Freeze Climate, High Traffic, Thick Pavement X7 – Dry-No Freeze Climate, Low Traffic, Thin Pavement X8 – Dry-No Freeze Climate, Low Traffic, Medium Pavement X9 – Dry-No Freeze Climate, Low Traffic, Thick Pavement X10 – Dry-No Freeze Climate, High Traffic, Thin Pavement X11 – Dry-No Freeze Climate, High Traffic, Medium Pavement X12 – Dry-No Freeze Climate, High Traffic, Thick Pavement X13 – Wet-Freeze Climate, Low Traffic, Thin Pavement X14 – Wet-Freeze Climate, Low Traffic, Medium Pavement X15 – Wet-Freeze Climate, Low Traffic, Thick Pavement X16 – Wet-Freeze Climate, High Traffic, Thin Pavement X17 – Wet-Freeze Climate, High Traffic, Medium Pavement X18 – Wet-Freeze Climate, High Traffic, Thick Pavement X19 – Wet-No Freeze Climate, Low Traffic, Thin Pavement X20 – Wet-No Freeze Climate, Low Traffic, Medium Pavement X21 – Wet-No Freeze Climate, Low Traffic, Thick Pavement X22 – Wet-No Freeze Climate, High Traffic, Thin Pavement X23 – Wet-No Freeze Climate, High Traffic, Medium Pavement X24 – Wet-No Freeze Climate, High Traffic, Thick Pavement

185 CLIMATE ZONE 1 Dry-Freeze < 37 in. annual precip. & < 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC LOW < 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THIN SN < 4.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING REHABILITATION RUTTING REFLECTED FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE REFLECTED THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data

186 CLIMATE ZONE 1 Dry-Freeze < 37 in. annual precip. & < 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC LOW < 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE MEDIUM 4.4 < SN < 6.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING

187 CLIMATE ZONE 1 Dry-Freeze < 37 in. annual precip. & < 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC LOW < 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THICK > 6.4 SN NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data

188 CLIMATE ZONE 1 Dry-Freeze < 37 in. annual precip. & < 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC HIGH > 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THIN SN < 4.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING

189 CLIMATE ZONE 1 Dry-Freeze < 37 in. annual precip. & < 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC HIGH > 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE MEDIUM 4.4 < SN < 6.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING

190 CLIMATE ZONE 1 Dry-Freeze < 37 in. annual precip. & < 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC HIGH > 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THICK > 6.4 SN NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data

191 CLIMATE ZONE 2 Dry-No Freeze < 37 in. annual precip. & > 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC LOW < 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THIN SN < 4.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data

192 CLIMATE ZONE 2 Dry-No Freeze < 37 in. annual precip. & > 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC LOW < 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE MEDIUM 4.4 < SN < 6.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING

193 CLIMATE ZONE 2 Dry-No Freeze < 37 in. annual precip. & > 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC LOW < 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THICK > 6.4 SN NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data

194 CLIMATE ZONE 2 Dry-No Freeze < 37 in. annual precip. & > 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC HIGH > 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THIN SN < 4.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data

195 CLIMATE ZONE 2 Dry-No Freeze < 37 in. annual precip. & > 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC HIGH > 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE MEDIUM 4.4 < SN < 6.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING

196 CLIMATE ZONE 2 Dry-No Freeze < 37 in. annual precip. & > 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC HIGH > 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THICK > 6.4 SN NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data

197 CLIMATE ZONE 3 Wet-Freeze > 37 in. annual precip. & < 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC LOW < 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THIN SN < 4.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING

198 CLIMATE ZONE 3 Wet-Freeze > 37 in. annual precip. & < 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC LOW < 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE MEDIUM 4.4 < SN < 6.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING

199 CLIMATE ZONE 3 Wet-Freeze > 37 in. annual precip. & < 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC LOW < 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THICK > 6.4 SN NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data

200 CLIMATE ZONE 3 Wet-Freeze > 37 in. annual precip. & < 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC HIGH > 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THIN SN < 4.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data

201 CLIMATE ZONE 3 Wet-Freeze > 37 in. annual precip. & < 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC HIGH > 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE MEDIUM 4.4 < SN < 6.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING

202 CLIMATE ZONE 3 Wet-Freeze > 37 in. annual precip. & < 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC HIGH > 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THICK > 6.4 SN NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING

203 CLIMATE ZONE 4 Wet-No Freeze > 37 in. annual precip. & > 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC LOW < 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THIN SN < 4.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING

204 CLIMATE ZONE 4 Wet-No Freeze > 37 in. annual precip. & > 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC LOW < 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE MEDIUM 4.4 < SN < 6.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING

205 CLIMATE ZONE 4 Wet-No Freeze > 37 in. annual precip. & > 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC LOW < 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THICK > 6.4 SN NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data

206 CLIMATE ZONE 4 Wet-No Freeze > 37 in. annual precip. & > 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC HIGH > 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THIN SN < 4.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data

207 CLIMATE ZONE 4 Wet-No Freeze > 37 in. annual precip. & > 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC HIGH > 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE MEDIUM 4.4 < SN < 6.4 NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING RIDE THERMAL CRACKING

208 CLIMATE ZONE 4 Wet-No Freeze > 37 in. annual precip. & > 56 F annual mean temp. TRAFFIC HIGH > 1,000,000 ESALs for 5 years PAVEMENT STRUCTURE THICK > 6.4 SN NEW CONSTRUCTION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data REHABILITATION RUTTING FATIGUE CRACKING Insufficient data Insufficient data RIDE THERMAL CRACKING Insuficient data Insufficient data

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 Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance
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Several controlled laboratory studies have shown that air voids (AV) can have a large effect on the performance of asphalt pavements. AVs that are either too high or too low can cause a reduction in pavement life.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 299: Investigating the Relationship of As-Constructed Asphalt Pavement Air Voids to Pavement Performance determines the effect of in-place AVs on the performance of asphalt concrete (AC) pavements.

The document also has supplemental appendices that are available by request to Ed Harrigan. They include data sets for LTPP, Pavement ME Design Validation, MnROAD Validation, and NCAT Validation.

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