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Hazards: Technology and Fairness (1986)

Chapter: References

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academy of Engineering. 1986. Hazards: Technology and Fairness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/650.
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SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS, AND THE BURDENS OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE: 76 THE CASE OF THE LEAD STANDARD original typesetting files. Page breaks are true to the original; line lengths, word breaks, heading styles, and other typesetting-specific formatting, however, cannot be About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the retained, and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. None of this is to make the practice of science irrelevant to occupational health. It is rather to make the sociopolitical context within which science is asked to collaborate more than the sideshow so hoped for by those guided by positivist dreams. References Cooper, W. C., and W. R. Gaffey. 1975. Mortality of lead workers. Journal of Occupational Medicine 100:7. Corn, M. 1976. Lead poisoning in industry. American Journal of Public Health 66:531–532. Crandall, R., and L. Lave, eds. 1981. The Scientific Basis of Health and Safety Regulation. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. Goble, R., D. Hattis, D. Thurston, and M. Ballew. 1983. Implementation of the Occupational Lead Exposure Standard. Report to the Office of Technology Assessment. November. Mimeo. Hattis, D. R., R. Goble, and N. Ashford. 1982. Airborne lead: a clearcut case of differential protection. Environment 24:14–42. Hunt, V. 1979. Work and the Health of Women. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press. Lead Industries Association. 1976. Comments, objections and a summary of evidence by the Lead Industries Association to the proposed standard for exposure to lead. January 16, 1979. Mimeo. Levine, R. J., R. M. Moore, and G. O. McLaren. 1976. Occupational lead poisoning, animal deaths and environmental contamination at a scrap smelter. American Journal of Public Health 66:548–552. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 1972. Criteria for a Recommended Standard. Occupational Exposure to Inorganic Lead. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 1978. Criteria for a Recommended Standard. Occupational Exposure to Inorganic Lead, Revised Criteria—1978. National Research Council. 1980. Lead in the Human Environment. Committee on Lead in the Human Environment. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council. 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. Committee on the Institutional Means for the Assessment of Risks to Public Health. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 1975. Lead. Occupational Exposure; Proposed Standard. Federal Register (October 3):45934. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 1977. Informal Public Hearings on Proposed Standard for Exposure to Lead, Transcript of Proceedings. Docket No. H004. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 1978a. Occupational Exposure to Lead, Final Standard. Federal Register (November 14):52952–53014. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 1978b. Occupational Exposure to Lead, Attachment to the Preamble for the Final Standard. Federal Register (November 21):54480. Proceedings of 1974 Lead Industries Association Conference. 1975. Standards for occupational lead exposure. Journal of Occupational Medicine 17:95. United Steelworkers of America, AFL-CIO v. F. Ray Marshall, 647 Fed. 2d 189 (1980). Zielhuis, R. L. 1979. Second International Workshop on Permissible Levels for Occupational Exposure to Inorganic Lead. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 39:59–72.

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"In the burgeoning literature on technological hazards, this volume is one of the best," states Choice in a three-part approach, it addresses the moral, scientific, social, and commercial questions inherent in hazards management. Part I discusses how best to regulate hazards arising from chronic, low-level exposures and from low-probability events when science is unable to assign causes or estimate consequences of such hazards; Part II examines fairness in the distribution of risks and benefits of potentially hazardous technologies; and Part III presents practical lessons and cautions about managing hazardous technologies. Together, the three sections put hazard management into perspective, providing a broad spectrum of views and information.

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