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Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles (2015)

Chapter: Appendix W: Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Passenger Cars, Trucks, and Hybrid Passenger Cars

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix W: Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Passenger Cars, Trucks, and Hybrid Passenger Cars." National Research Council. 2015. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21744.
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Appendix W

Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Passenger Cars, Trucks, and Hybrid Passenger Cars

TABLE W.1 Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Passenger Cars

Technology 2014 Chev Sonic 1.4L 2014 Toyota Corolla LE Eco 1.8L 2014 Dodge Dart 1.4L 2014 Ford Fusion 1.5L 2014 Chev Impala 2.5L 2014 Ford Taurus 2.0L
Low Friction Lubricants (LUB1) x x   x x x
Variable Valve Timing
ICP and DCP
x x Multi-air x x x
Variable Valve Lift (VVL)   x Multi-air   x  
Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI)       x x x
Turbocharging and Downsizing (33%) - Level 1 x   x x DS only x
Turbocharging and Downsizing (50%) - Level 2            
6 sp AT x CVT   x x x
6 sp DCT     x      
8 sp AT            
Stop-Start            
Footprint (sf) 41 44.5 45.8 48.9 48.2 51.3
Label Fuel Economy (mpg) 31 35 32 28 25 26
CAFE Fuel Economy (mpg) 40.9 46.8 43.2 36.4 32.2 34.5
2016 CAFE Target (mpg) 41.1 38.2 37.2 35.1 35.5 33.6
2025 CAFE Target (mpg) 61.1 56.6 55.1 51.8 52.5 49.5

SOURCE: EPA Fuel Economy Guides and Databases; Cars.com.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix W: Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Passenger Cars, Trucks, and Hybrid Passenger Cars." National Research Council. 2015. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21744.
×
2013 BMW 740 LI 3.0L 2014 Mazda 3 2.0L 2014 Ford Focus SFE 2.0L 2014 Ford Focus 2.0L 2014 Mazda 6 2.5L 2014 Hyundai Sonata 2.4L 2015 Honda Civic HF 1.8L
x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x
x           x
x x x x x x  
x            
             
  x     x x CVT
    x x      
x            
x            
53.4 45.3 44 44 48.4 48.1 43.4
22 34 33 30 30 28 35
29.1 45.9 43.6 40.6 40.7 36.7 47.5
32.3 37.6 38.6 38.6 35.4 35.7 39.1
47.7 55.7 57.2 57.2 52.3 52.7 57.9
Suggested Citation:"Appendix W: Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Passenger Cars, Trucks, and Hybrid Passenger Cars." National Research Council. 2015. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21744.
×

TABLE W.2 Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Trucks

Technology 2013 Ford Escape 1.6L TC 2014 Chev Silverado 4.3L V6 2013 Ford F150 3.5L V6 TC 2014 RAM 3.6L V6 2014 RAM 3.0L Diesel 2015 Ford F150 2.7L V6 TCa
Low Friction Lubricants (LUB1) x x x x    
Variable Valve Timing
ICP and DCP
x x x x   x
Variable Valve Lift (VVL)            
Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) x x x     x
Turbocharging and Downsizing (33%) - Level 1 x x x   x x
Turbocharging and Downsizing (50%) - Level 2           x
6 sp AT x x x     x
6 sp DCT            
8 sp AT       x x  
Stop-Start            
Footprint (sf) 45.2 67.3 67.5 65.9 65.9 67.5
Label Fuel Economy (mpg) 26 20 18 20 23 22
CAFE Fuel Economy (mpg) 34.6 25.8 23.9 25.6 30.4 28.5
2016 CAFE Target (mpg) 32.2 24.4 24.3 24.8 24.8 24.3
2025 CAFE Target (mpg) 46.4 32.9 32.8 33.5 33.5 32.8

a Aluminum body.

SOURCE: EPA Fuel Economy Guides and Databases; Cars.com.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix W: Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Passenger Cars, Trucks, and Hybrid Passenger Cars." National Research Council. 2015. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21744.
×

TABLE W.3 Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Hybrid Passenger Cars

Technology 2014 Chev Impala eAssist 2014 Hyundai Sonata 2014 Ford Fusion Hybrid 2014 Toyota Prius Hybrid
Low Friction Lubricants (LUB1)        
Variable Valve Timing ICP and DCP        
Variable Valve Lift (VVL)        
Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI)        
Turbocharging and Downsizing (33%) - Level 1        
Turbocharging and Downsizing (50%) - Level 2        
Hybrid Type Belt Mounted ISG P2 PS PS
6 sp AT       x
6 sp DCT        
8 sp AT        
Stop-Start        
Footprint (sf) 48.2 48 48.8 44.2
Label Fuel Economy (mpg) 29 38 47 50
CAFE Fuel Economy (mpg) 38.1 51.5 66.1 70.6
2016 CAFE Target (mpg) 35.5 35.7 25.1 38.4
2025 CAFE Target (mpg) 52.5 52.7 51.9 57.0

SOURCE: EPA Fuel Economy Guides and Databases; Cars.com.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix W: Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Passenger Cars, Trucks, and Hybrid Passenger Cars." National Research Council. 2015. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21744.
×
Page 434
Suggested Citation:"Appendix W: Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Passenger Cars, Trucks, and Hybrid Passenger Cars." National Research Council. 2015. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21744.
×
Page 435
Suggested Citation:"Appendix W: Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Passenger Cars, Trucks, and Hybrid Passenger Cars." National Research Council. 2015. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21744.
×
Page 436
Suggested Citation:"Appendix W: Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Passenger Cars, Trucks, and Hybrid Passenger Cars." National Research Council. 2015. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21744.
×
Page 437
Next: Appendix X: Full System Simulation Modeling of Fuel Consumption Reductions »
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The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others?

Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

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