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TOTAL ACADEMIC EXPENDITURES AND REVENUES 67 DOCTORAL INSTITUTION OPERATING EXPENDITURES: PURPOSE Total operating expenditures for doctoral institutions exceeded $65 billion in 1988, maintaining a 60-percent share of total academic expenditures since 1973. For the past two decades, over-all expenditure patterns of doctoral institutions have remained generally stable. Of total operating expenditures, research accounts for almost 20 percent, with education-related activities accounting for 50 percent, and other operationsâhospitals, self-financing enterprises (such as bookstores and dormitories), and federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs)âaccounting for 25 percent. Figure 2-52: Doctoral Institution Operating Expenditures by Purpose Figure 2-53: Distribution of Doctoral Institution Operating Expenditures by Purpose NOTE: Data series within the figures are not overlapped; top line represents total. Financial data are expressed in 1988 constant dollars to reflect real long-term growth trends. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Doctoral institutions are higher education institutions that have granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades; they include 116 public and 69 private institutions. Education includes instructional expenditures, including departmental research not separately budgeted; current operating expenditures for libraries, operation and maintenance of plant; scholarships and fellowships; and student services. Research includes current-fund expenditures for separately budgeted research and development. Public Service includes funds budgeted specifically for non-instructional services beneficial to groups external to the institution. Other includes hospitals, auxiliary enterprises, and federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) administered by universities. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this database are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS): Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education.